Tick the drug of choice for the treatment of extraluminal amebiasis:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metronidazole. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for extraluminal amebiasis due to its high efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica. It is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Iodoquinol is mainly used for luminal amebiasis. C: Diloxanide is also used for luminal amebiasis. D: Tetracycline is not the first-line treatment for extraluminal amebiasis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sotalol. Sotalol is a non-selective beta-blocker and a class III antiarrhythmic agent that blocks both beta receptors and potassium (K+) channels. By blocking beta receptors, it decreases heart rate and contractility. Blocking K+ channels prolongs the action potential duration, aiding in the treatment of various arrhythmias. Quinidine (A) is a class I antiarrhythmic that primarily blocks Na+ channels. Propranolol (C) is a selective beta-blocker that does not affect K+ channels. Digoxin (D) is a cardiac glycoside that inhibits the sodium-potassium pump but does not block beta receptors or K+ channels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amiodarone. This drug is an antiarrhythmic medication commonly associated with side effects such as palpitations, insomnia, diarrhea, and increased sweating. Quinidine (A) and Lidocaine (B) are also antiarrhythmic drugs but are less likely to cause the specific symptoms described. Adenosine (D) is a drug used for treating certain types of irregular heartbeats but does not typically cause the combination of symptoms mentioned. Therefore, based on the patient's symptoms, Amiodarone is the most likely drug taken.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Diltiazem. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that directly affects the AV node by delaying calcium-channel depolarization. This action results in a decreased conduction velocity through the AV node, which can be beneficial in conditions such as supraventricular tachycardia. Option A) Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker used primarily for ventricular arrhythmias and does not directly affect calcium-channel depolarization in the AV node. Option C) Bretylium is an antiarrhythmic agent that works by inhibiting catecholamine release and is not directly involved in calcium-channel depolarization in the AV node. Option D) Quinidine is a Class I antiarrhythmic agent that blocks sodium channels and delays repolarization but does not directly target calcium-channel depolarization in the AV node. Understanding the mechanisms of action of cardiovascular drugs is crucial for nurses and other healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to patients with cardiovascular conditions. Knowing how each drug affects specific aspects of cardiac function, such as conduction through the AV node, can help in selecting the most appropriate medication for a patient's condition. It is essential for NCLEX candidates to grasp these concepts to make informed clinical decisions and ensure patient safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of NCLEX Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs, the correct answer is D) Atrial fibrillation. Digoxin is commonly used in the management of atrial fibrillation due to its ability to increase cardiac contractility and slow down the heart rate. In patients with atrial fibrillation, digoxin can help improve cardiac output and control the heart rate, thus reducing symptoms and improving overall cardiac function. Option A) Thyrotoxicosis is incorrect because digoxin is not typically indicated for this condition. Thyrotoxicosis is usually managed with medications that target the thyroid hormone levels. Option B) Beriberi is incorrect as digoxin is not a treatment for thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, which is the underlying cause of Beriberi. Option C) Cor pulmonale is also an incorrect option as digoxin is not the first-line treatment for this condition. Treatment for cor pulmonale involves addressing the underlying pulmonary condition and optimizing oxygenation. Understanding the specific indications for medications like digoxin is crucial for nursing practice, especially in managing cardiovascular conditions. Nurses must be able to differentiate between various cardiac conditions and understand the appropriate pharmacological interventions to provide safe and effective patient care. This question evaluates the nurse's knowledge of pharmacological management of atrial fibrillation and reinforces the importance of accurate medication administration based on the patient's condition.