Tick the drug forming a physical barrier to HCL and Pepsin:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sucralfate. Sucralfate forms a physical barrier by binding to the ulcer site, protecting it from stomach acid and pepsin. Ranitidine (A) and Omeprazole (C) are both acid-reducing drugs that work by inhibiting acid production. Pirenzepine (D) is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that decreases acid secretion but does not form a physical barrier. Therefore, Sucralfate is the correct choice for forming a physical barrier to HCl and pepsin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that primarily acts on the heart and has limited vasodilatory effects. Nifedipine, on the other hand, is a potent vasodilator that primarily acts on blood vessels. Therefore, the statement that verapamil is a more potent vasodilator than nifedipine is FALSE. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because verapamil is not a more potent vasodilator compared to nifedipine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because angiotensin II is more potent than angiotensin I. Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone that stimulates aldosterone secretion and acts as a potent vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin I is an inactive precursor that is converted to angiotensin II by the enzyme ACE. Angiotensin II is more biologically active and has stronger effects on vasoconstriction and aldosterone release compared to angiotensin I. Therefore, statement C is false as angiotensin II is more potent than angiotensin I.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). The hypothalamus, not a gland, produces GHRH to stimulate the pituitary gland to release growth hormone. Choice B (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Choice C (Aldosterone) is produced by the adrenal glands. Choice D (Estradiol) is a form of estrogen produced by the ovaries. Therefore, only choice A aligns with the role of the hypothalamus in regulating hormone release.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because chlorpropamide has a longer duration of action compared to tolbutamide. Chlorpropamide has a half-life of around 36 hours, whereas tolbutamide's half-life is about 5 hours. This means that chlorpropamide stays in the body and continues to lower blood sugar levels for a longer period of time compared to tolbutamide. Choices A and C are incorrect as they suggest that the durations of action are equal or that tolbutamide has a longer duration, which is not the case based on their pharmacokinetics. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not address the specific comparison between tolbutamide and chlorpropamide.