Tick the drug belonging to antibiotics-aminoglycosides:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of the ATI Pharmacology Across the Lifespan exam, understanding the classification of antibiotics is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Aminoglycosides are a specific class of antibiotics known for their bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-negative organisms. In this question, the correct answer is B) Gentamycin. Gentamycin is a well-known aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is important to note that aminoglycosides like Gentamycin are primarily used for severe infections where their potent bactericidal effects are needed. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Erythromycin belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics, which have a different mechanism of action compared to aminoglycosides. C) Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of gram-positive infections, not aminoglycoside. D) Polymyxin is a polypeptide antibiotic used for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, but it does not belong to the aminoglycoside class. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of pharmacological knowledge in nursing practice. Understanding antibiotic classifications helps nurses make informed decisions regarding appropriate drug choices, dosages, and monitoring for potential adverse effects. This knowledge is vital for providing safe and effective patient care, especially when managing infections where antibiotics play a crucial role in treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Resorptive sulfonamides, such as sulfasalazine and sulfamethoxazole, are known to have adverse effects on the blood system. The correct answer, option D (All of the above), is the most appropriate choice because resorptive sulfonamides can lead to hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia. Hemolytic anemia can occur due to the formation of antibodies against red blood cells, leading to their destruction. Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in platelet count, which can result in impaired blood clotting and an increased risk of bleeding. Granulocytopenia involves a reduction in granulocytes, such as neutrophils, which are crucial for fighting off infections. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they represent individual unwanted effects of resorptive sulfonamides on the blood system, whereas option D encompasses all these potential adverse reactions. Understanding these adverse effects is crucial for healthcare providers when prescribing these medications and monitoring patients for signs and symptoms of blood-related complications. In the context of pharmacology education, knowing the adverse effects of medications is essential for safe prescribing practices and patient monitoring. Students and healthcare professionals need to be aware of the potential risks associated with different drug classes to provide optimal patient care and prevent adverse drug reactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, it is crucial for students to understand the potential side effects of medications to ensure safe and effective patient care. In this case, the correct answer is B) Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy. Isoniazid is a medication commonly used to treat tuberculosis. One of the most significant unwanted effects associated with isoniazid is hepatotoxicity, which can manifest as liver damage and liver function abnormalities. Patients taking isoniazid need to be monitored closely for signs of liver dysfunction. Peripheral neuropathy is another known side effect of isoniazid. It can cause damage to peripheral nerves, leading to symptoms such as tingling, numbness, and weakness in the extremities. This underscores the importance of monitoring patients for any signs of neuropathy while on this medication. The other options are incorrect because: A) Cardiotoxicity is not a well-documented side effect of isoniazid. C) Loss of hair is not a common side effect associated with isoniazid use. D) Immunotoxicity is not a recognized side effect of isoniazid. Understanding these side effects and their implications is crucial for nursing students when administering medications and monitoring patients for adverse reactions. It highlights the importance of thorough patient assessment, education, and vigilance in pharmacological management to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat anaerobic bacterial infections. The correct indications for Metronidazole are intra-abdominal infections, vaginitis, and enterocolitis. Option A is correct because metronidazole is effective in treating anaerobic infections in the abdomen, such as peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses. It is also commonly used to treat vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis, as well as enterocolitis caused by certain pathogens. These indications align with the antibiotic's mechanism of action and spectrum of activity. Option B, pneumonia, is incorrect as metronidazole is not typically used as a first-line treatment for pneumonia. It is not effective against typical respiratory pathogens that cause pneumonia. Option C, as a disinfectant, is incorrect as metronidazole is not used for disinfection purposes. It is specifically an antibiotic medication for treating bacterial and protozoal infections. Option D, influenza, is also incorrect as metronidazole is not indicated for treating viral infections like influenza. In an educational context, understanding the correct indications for metronidazole is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about antibiotic therapy. By knowing the appropriate uses of this medication, healthcare providers can ensure effective treatment while minimizing the development of antibiotic resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Primaquine, which belongs to the 8-aminoquinoline derivatives class of antimalarial drugs. Primaquine is specifically used for the treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. Option A) Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is used for the prevention and treatment of various bacterial infections, but it is not an 8-aminoquinoline derivative and is not primarily used for malaria treatment. Option B) Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat irregular heartbeats and is not an antimalarial drug belonging to the 8-aminoquinoline derivatives class. Option D) Chloroquine is an antimalarial medication, but it belongs to the 4-aminoquinoline class, not the 8-aminoquinoline derivatives class to which Primaquine belongs. In an educational context, understanding the classification of antimalarial drugs is crucial for healthcare professionals to effectively treat and manage malaria infections. Knowing the specific properties and uses of different classes of antimalarial drugs can help in making informed decisions regarding treatment options based on the type of malaria infection and the patient's individual characteristics. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to patients with malaria.