Tick the drug, a derivative of adamantane:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rimantadine. Rimantadine is a derivative of adamantane due to its molecular structure containing an adamantane core. This structural similarity allows rimantadine to exert antiviral activity against influenza A viruses by inhibiting the viral uncoating process. Didanozine (A) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in HIV treatment, not related to adamantane. Gancyclovir (C) and Foscarnet (D) are antiviral drugs used for treating herpesvirus infections and cytomegalovirus infections, respectively, but they are not derivatives of adamantane.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Propranolol. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can potentially cause vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and decreased oxygen supply to the heart, leading to myocardial infarction (MI) in susceptible individuals. Nitroprusside (B) and Nitroglycerin (C) are vasodilators that help improve blood flow and decrease cardiac workload, making them unlikely to cause MI. Nifedipine (D) is a calcium channel blocker that primarily affects blood vessels and the heart, but it is less likely to cause MI compared to propranolol.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Lithium. Thiazide diuretics, commonly used in the management of heart failure, reduce the excretion of lithium by the kidneys. This can lead to an increase in lithium levels in the body, potentially resulting in lithium toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor lithium levels closely when a patient on lithium therapy is started on thiazide diuretics. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Diazepam: Thiazide diuretics do not significantly affect the excretion of diazepam. B) Fluoxetine: Thiazide diuretics do not impact the excretion of fluoxetine. C) Imipramine: Thiazide diuretics do not alter the excretion of imipramine. Educational Context: Understanding drug interactions is essential in clinical practice, especially when managing patients with multiple comorbidities and medications. Pharmacokinetic principles play a vital role in predicting and managing drug interactions. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of how different drugs can affect each other's metabolism, distribution, and elimination to prevent adverse effects and ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes for patients. In this case, recognizing the potential interaction between thiazide diuretics and lithium is crucial for safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of acute pain of angina pectoris, the most effective treatment would be to administer Sodium nitrate (Option C). Sodium nitrate is a vasodilator that works by dilating the blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle. This helps to relieve the chest pain associated with angina pectoris by reducing the workload on the heart. Option A, Mannitol hexanitrate, is not commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Erythrityl tetranitrate (Option B) and Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (Option D) are also nitrates like Sodium nitrate, but they are not as commonly used or as effective in managing acute angina pain. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of different cardiovascular drugs is crucial for healthcare professionals in making informed decisions about treatment options for patients with cardiovascular conditions. Knowing the specific indications and effectiveness of different medications can help improve patient outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct sequence of conduction of the cardiac action potential is from the SA node to the atria to the AV node to the bundle of His. This sequence is essential for the coordinated contraction of the heart and efficient blood pumping. Option A is incorrect because the atria are activated before the AV node. Option C is incorrect because the AV node is located between the atria and the ventricles, so it should come after the atria in the sequence. Option D is incorrect as it reverses the order of activation of the atria and the AV node. Understanding the sequence of cardiac conduction is crucial in cardiovascular drug therapy. Medications targeting specific parts of this conduction system can have significant effects on heart rate, rhythm, and overall cardiac function. Knowing the correct conduction pathway helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions when prescribing or administering cardiovascular drugs.