Tick the drug, a benzimidazole derivative:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of nursing pharmacology, understanding the classification and specific properties of different drug classes is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this quiz question, the correct answer is B) Mebendazole, which is a benzimidazole derivative commonly used to treat parasitic worm infections. Mebendazole is the correct choice because it belongs to the benzimidazole class of drugs, which act by inhibiting microtubule formation in parasites, leading to their immobilization and eventual death. This mechanism of action is specific to benzimidazoles, making Mebendazole the only appropriate option in this question. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Praziquantel is not a benzimidazole derivative; it is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat schistosomiasis and other worm infections. C) Suramin is a medication used to treat African sleeping sickness and river blindness, but it does not belong to the benzimidazole class. D) Pyrantel is an anthelmintic medication that works by paralyzing worms, but it is not a benzimidazole derivative. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of recognizing drug classifications and mechanisms of action in pharmacology. Understanding these aspects not only aids in selecting the appropriate treatment for patients but also in preventing medication errors. This knowledge is essential for nursing students to develop clinical reasoning skills and provide safe, evidence-based care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Depression of angiogenesis. Explanation of why C is correct: Anticancer drugs often target angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to tumors, as a way to inhibit tumor growth and spread. Therefore, depression of angiogenesis is actually a desired effect of anticancer drugs as it helps in controlling and reducing tumor size and progression. Explanation of why others are wrong: A) Low selectivity to cancer cells: This is a common disadvantage of anticancer drugs as they can also affect normal, healthy cells. B) Depression of bone marrow: Anticancer drugs can indeed suppress bone marrow function, leading to decreased production of blood cells, which can cause issues like anemia, but this is a known disadvantage. D) Depression of immune system: Anticancer drugs can weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections, so this is also a recognized disadvantage. Educational context: Understanding the effects of anticancer drugs is crucial for nurses in providing safe and effective care to cancer patients. Knowing the intended effects (like depression of angiogenesis) versus the common side effects (like bone marrow depression and immune system suppression) helps nurses anticipate and manage potential complications of these medications during treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nursing pharmacology, understanding the general contraindications for anticancer drugs is crucial for safe and effective patient care. The correct answer, option D - "All of the above," is the most comprehensive and accurate choice. A) Depression of bone marrow: This is a common side effect of many anticancer drugs, leading to decreased production of blood cells and increased risk of infections and bleeding. Patients with pre-existing bone marrow disorders or those undergoing other treatments affecting bone marrow function would be at higher risk. B) Acute infections: Anticancer drugs can suppress the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. Administering these drugs during an active infection can worsen the condition and compromise the patient's ability to fight off the infection. C) Severe hepatic and/or renal insufficiency: Many anticancer drugs are metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Patients with severe hepatic or renal insufficiency may not be able to properly metabolize and eliminate these drugs, leading to toxic levels in the body and increased risk of adverse effects. Educational Context: Understanding contraindications for anticancer drugs is essential for nurses to assess patients, monitor for potential complications, and collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure safe medication administration. By recognizing these contraindications, nurses can prevent harm and promote positive patient outcomes in oncology care. By selecting option D as the correct answer, nurses demonstrate their knowledge of the broad contraindications associated with anticancer drugs, emphasizing the importance of individualized patient assessment and medication management in oncology practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nodular sclerosis (A) is the most common Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtype, often affecting young women, with a good prognosis due to its responsiveness to therapy and characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells in a sclerotic background. Mixed cellularity (B) affects older males, lymphocyte predominance (C) is rare but favorable, lymphocyte depletion (D) is aggressive, and lymphocyte-rich (E) is less specific—nodular sclerosis fits best.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Frequent infections, petechiae, low hemoglobin, and a dry tap marrow (no aspirate) indicate aplastic anemia (D), a pancytopenia from bone marrow failure. Iron deficiency (A) causes microcytic anemia without marrow failure, megaloblastic (B) is macrocytic, hemolytic (C) shows high reticulocytes, and thalassemia (E) isn’t pancytopenic—aplastic anemia fits all findings.