Tick the antitussive agent with a peripheral effect:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, the antitussive agent with a peripheral effect is Libexin (option C). Libexin is a non-narcotic antitussive that acts primarily on the peripheral nervous system to suppress coughing. This effect is due to its action on the sensory nerves in the respiratory tract, making it an ideal choice for individuals who need cough suppression without central nervous system side effects. Let's now evaluate why the other options are incorrect: A) Codeine: Codeine is a narcotic antitussive that acts centrally on the brain to suppress cough reflex. It does not have a peripheral effect like Libexin. B) Tusuprex: Tusuprex is not a recognized antitussive agent and does not have a peripheral effect for cough suppression. D) Glaucine hydrochloride: Glaucine hydrochloride is an alkaloid derivative used as an antitussive, but it primarily acts centrally and does not have a peripheral effect like Libexin. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of antitussive agents is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions when selecting appropriate treatments for patients. Knowing that Libexin acts peripherally can help in choosing the right medication based on the patient's condition and potential side effects. This knowledge is essential for pharmacology students, nurses, and other healthcare providers to deliver safe and effective care to patients with cough-related issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is crucial as they are commonly prescribed for gastrointestinal issues like gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The correct answer is C) Famotidine because it is not a proton pump inhibitor; instead, it belongs to the class of H2 receptor antagonists. Famotidine works by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production. A) Pantoprazole, B) Omeprazole, and D) Rabeprazole are all proton pump inhibitors. They work by irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system (proton pumps) in the gastric parietal cells, thereby decreasing acid secretion in the stomach. Educationally, knowing the differences between PPIs and other acid-reducing medications like H2 blockers is essential for safe and effective medication administration. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these drugs helps healthcare providers make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate treatment for patients with gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Fenfluramine, an anorexigenic agent affecting the serotoninergic system. Fenfluramine works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which helps to decrease appetite and promote weight loss. It was commonly used in the past to treat obesity. Option B) Fepranone is not a known anorexigenic agent affecting the serotoninergic system. Fepranone is not a valid pharmacological agent in this context. Option C) Desopimon is also not a recognized anorexigenic agent affecting the serotoninergic system. Desopimon is not a valid drug within the realm of pharmacology related to appetite suppression. Option D) Mazindol is not a drug that primarily affects the serotoninergic system. Mazindol is a sympathomimetic amine that works by decreasing appetite through its action on norepinephrine and dopamine receptors rather than serotonin. Understanding pharmacology across the lifespan is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about medication use in patients of all ages. Serotonin plays a significant role in regulating mood, appetite, and other physiological functions, making drugs that target the serotoninergic system important in the management of conditions like obesity. It is essential for students to grasp the mechanism of action of different drugs to ensure safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, the correct answer to the question is option D) Cholosas. Cholosas is a stimulant of bile production of vegetable origin. Cholosas contains active ingredients that promote the production and secretion of bile from the liver, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats. Option A) Oxafenamide is not a stimulant of bile production. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief and reducing inflammation. Option B) Papaverine is a smooth muscle relaxant used to treat conditions like spasms in the blood vessels or other organs. It does not have a direct effect on bile production. Option C) Cholenzyme is a combination medication containing digestive enzymes to support the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the digestive system. While it aids in digestion, it does not specifically stimulate bile production. Understanding the mechanisms of action of different medications is crucial in pharmacology to ensure safe and effective treatment for patients. It is important for healthcare professionals to be able to differentiate between various drugs and their specific functions to make informed clinical decisions. In this case, knowing that Cholosas is a bile stimulant of vegetable origin can guide healthcare providers in recommending appropriate treatments for patients with conditions related to digestion and bile production.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the adverse effects associated with different medications to ensure safe and effective patient care. In the case of oral iron therapy, constipation is a common adverse effect. The correct answer is D) Constipation. Iron supplements can cause constipation due to their effect on the gastrointestinal tract, leading to slower bowel movements and difficulty passing stool. This adverse effect is important to monitor and manage to ensure patient compliance with the treatment and prevent discomfort. Option A) Anemia is incorrect because oral iron therapy is actually used to treat anemia by increasing the body's iron levels to support red blood cell production. Option B) Thrombocytopenia is incorrect because it is not a commonly associated adverse effect of oral iron therapy. Thrombocytopenia refers to a low platelet count, which is not directly related to iron supplementation. Option C) Headache is incorrect as it is not a typical adverse effect of oral iron therapy. Headache is more commonly associated with other medications or health conditions. Understanding these adverse effects of oral iron therapy is essential for nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to educate patients on what to expect and how to manage potential side effects. It also highlights the importance of assessing patients for gastrointestinal symptoms when on iron therapy.