Thyrotrophin stimulates the following processes:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because thyrotrophin, also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from the thyroid gland. This occurs through the activation of adenylate cyclase and the subsequent increase in cAMP levels, leading to the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Choices A and B are incorrect as they pertain to the iodine-related processes within the thyroid follicles, but TSH itself does not directly stimulate these processes. Choice D is also incorrect as TSH does not promote the de-iodination of thyroid hormones; instead, it supports their synthesis and release.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Innate immunity is the body's immediate, nonspecific defense against pathogens. 2. It is present from birth and acts quickly to eliminate microbes. 3. It includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, and immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. 4. This initial response is crucial for preventing infection. 5. Options B, C, and D do not accurately describe innate immunity, as they refer to other concepts unrelated to the immediate, nonspecific defense mechanisms of the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increase the number of T-cells. Levamisole is an immunomodulatory drug that works by stimulating the production and proliferation of T-cells in the immune system. This mechanism helps in enhancing the immune response against pathogens and cancer cells. Explanation for other choices: A: Inhibiting CD3 receptor is not the mechanism of action of levamisole. B: Complement-mediated cytolysis of T lymphocytes is not related to the action of levamisole. C: Levamisole does not substitute for patient's deficient immunoglobulins; it works by increasing T-cell count.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Disulfiram is a known aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, used in the treatment of alcohol abuse. 2. It works by blocking the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde. 3. This accumulation causes unpleasant symptoms when alcohol is consumed, discouraging its consumption. 4. Tazobactam and Sulbactam are beta-lactamase inhibitors, not related to aldehyde dehydrogenase. 5. Aminocaproic acid is a fibrinolysis inhibitor, not associated with aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition. Summary: Disulfiram is the correct answer as it is a known aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, while the other choices are unrelated to this enzyme inhibition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol. 2. The major side effects of cholestyramine are gastrointestinal disturbances, not hepatotoxicity. 3. Therefore, the statement that hepatotoxicity is a major side effect is FALSE. 4. Option B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the lack of hepatotoxicity with cholestyramine. Summary: - Option A is incorrect because hepatotoxicity is not a major side effect of cholestyramine. - Option C "All" is incorrect as it implies that all statements are true, which is not the case. - Option D "None" is incorrect as there is a major side effect associated with cholestyramine, just not hepatotoxicity.