Thyroid hormones produce various pharmacological effects. Indicate the wrong statement(s).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Thyroid hormones actually increase the basal metabolic rate, not decline it. This is because thyroid hormones stimulate cellular metabolism and energy production. Choice B is incorrect as thyroid hormones do increase the rate and force of contraction of the heart. Choice C is incorrect as thyroid hormones decrease blood cholesterol levels. Choice D is correct as thyroid hormones do increase heat production through their effects on metabolism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Antigens are indeed substances that trigger an immune response by stimulating antibody production. This is a fundamental concept in immunology. The other choices are incorrect because: - B: FALSE is incorrect because the statement in the question is true. - C: All is incorrect because it implies all choices are correct, which is not the case. - D: None is incorrect because there is a correct answer in this case, which is option A.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Choice D (Inhibits calcineurin): 1. Tacrolimus binds to FK-binding protein, forming a complex that inhibits calcineurin. 2. Calcineurin inhibition blocks T-cell activation by preventing dephosphorylation of NFAT, hindering IL-2 production. 3. This suppresses immune response in transplant recipients. Summary: A: Inhibiting CD3 receptor is the mechanism of action of other drugs like anti-CD3 antibodies, not tacrolimus. B: Complement-mediated cytolysis is unrelated to tacrolimus. C: Substitution for deficient immunoglobulins is not the mechanism of action of tacrolimus, which targets T-cell activation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are all beta-lactamase inhibitors. Beta-lactamase inhibitors work by inactivating the beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria, thus protecting beta-lactam antibiotics. Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are commonly used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics to enhance their efficacy. Therefore, choosing D as the correct answer is justified as all the options listed are indeed beta-lactamase inhibitors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Clofibrate is associated with higher rates of adverse effects and drug interactions compared to gemfibrozil. Step 2: Gemfibrozil has been shown to be more effective in lowering triglyceride levels. Step 3: Studies have demonstrated that gemfibrozil reduces the risk of cardiovascular events more effectively than clofibrate. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is B (FALSE) as gemfibrozil is generally regarded as superior to clofibrate based on safety and efficacy data.