ATI RN
Pediatric Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Thyroid disorders consist of a variety of diseases that require different treatment according to the cause. Of the following, the thyroid disorder that does not require treatment is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency affects binding protein levels but not thyroid function, requiring no treatment, unlike hypothyroidism (A), cretinism (B), thyroiditis (C), or hyperthyroidism (D), which impair gland function.
Question 2 of 5
An ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma resulting in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is termed Cushing disease; this should be distinguished from Cushing syndrome due to various causes. Of the following, the BEST test that helps to differentiate between Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children with stage 5 CKD (ESRD) are typically treated with either dialysis or renal transplantation. A 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion helps identify excess cortisol production, a key step in differentiating Cushing disease (pituitary-driven) from other Cushing syndrome causes, though high-dose dexamethasone (C) is often used later for confirmation.
Question 3 of 5
Nocturnal enuresis is best described as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nocturnal enuresis is the involuntary loss of urine during sleep, treatable with behavioral strategies or medications like anticholinergics or DDAVP in selected cases.
Question 4 of 5
Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Galactosemia (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency) causes hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria from galactose accumulation, but hyperglycemia is not typical as glucose metabolism is unaffected.
Question 5 of 5
A 3-week-old neonate presented with poor feeding, vomiting, and tachypnea with profound depression of the central nervous system, associated with alternating hypotonia and hypertonia, opisthotonos, and seizures. Laboratory manifestations reveal hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis with high anion gap. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) presents neonatally with feeding issues, CNS depression, tone changes, seizures, hypoglycemia, and high-anion-gap acidosis from branched-chain amino acid accumulation, matching this case.