ATI RN
Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Three days after experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI), a patient who is scheduled for discharge asks for assistance with hygiene activities, saying, “I am too nervous about my heart to be alone while I get washed up.” Based on this information, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the key issue - patient is nervous about heart. Step 2: Analyze options - B is directly related to patient's anxiety. Step 3: B is appropriate as it addresses patient's emotional response to MI. Step 4: A is incorrect as weakness is not mentioned as a concern. Step 5: C is incorrect as denial is not explicitly stated. Step 6: D is incorrect as body image is not the main focus.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina has a new order for captopril . The nurse should teach the patient that the primary purpose of captopril is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used in patients with heart conditions. Step 2: In a patient with chronic stable angina, captopril primarily works to prevent changes in heart muscle by reducing cardiac workload and improving blood flow. Step 3: By preventing changes in heart muscle, captopril helps to reduce the risk of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina. Step 4: The other choices (A: decrease heart rate, B: control blood glucose levels, D: reduce frequency of chest pain) are not the primary purposes of captopril in this patient population, making them incorrect. Summary: The correct answer is C because captopril's primary purpose in this scenario is to prevent changes in heart muscle, while the other choices do not align with the mechanism of action and intended outcomes of captopril in this patient population.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client with PVD. The nurse should teach the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because inspecting feet weekly is crucial in PVD to monitor for any signs of infection, ulcers, or poor circulation. This can help prevent complications and promote early intervention. B: While exercise is beneficial, starting a walking program should be done gradually and under supervision to prevent injury. C: Wearing constrictive clothing can exacerbate circulation issues in PVD by restricting blood flow, leading to further complications. D: Standing for prolonged periods can worsen symptoms in PVD as it increases pressure on the legs, promoting blood pooling and discomfort. Sitting with legs elevated is usually recommended instead.
Question 4 of 5
A child returns to his room after a cardiac catheterization. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain the child on bed rest with the affected extremity immobilized. After a cardiac catheterization, it is important to keep the affected extremity immobilized to prevent bleeding or injury at the insertion site. Bed rest is also necessary to reduce the risk of complications. Allowing the child to move around or sit in a chair could increase the risk of bleeding or injury. Choice A does not specify immobilizing the affected extremity, which is crucial post-procedure. Choice C involves unnecessary movement, which can be detrimental. Choice D allows sitting, which may not provide enough rest for proper recovery.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to discharge a client after CABG surgery. The client is taking several new medications, including digoxin (Lanoxin), metoprolol (Lopressor), and furosemide (Lasix). The client complains of nausea and anorexia. The nurse is preparing to report this finding to the physician before discharging the client. Which laboratory result will the nurse check before calling the physician?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium level. After CABG surgery, the client is taking medications that can affect potassium levels, such as furosemide and digoxin. Nausea and anorexia can be symptoms of hypokalemia, a potential side effect of these medications. Therefore, checking the potassium level is crucial to monitor for any electrolyte imbalances that can lead to adverse effects like cardiac dysrhythmias. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Sodium level - Although important for electrolyte balance, sodium levels are less likely to be affected by the medications mentioned in the scenario and are not typically associated with nausea and anorexia. C: PT/INR - These are coagulation studies and not directly related to the symptoms presented by the client. D: Digoxin level - While monitoring digoxin levels is important for toxicity, the symptoms of nausea and anorexia are more indicative of potential electrolyte imbalances rather than digox