This year 600 of 8000 young women ages 17 to 20 years at a university health center tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). What does this finding represent?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevalence. Prevalence refers to the proportion of a specific population that has a particular condition at a specific point in time. In this case, the finding of 600 out of 8000 young women testing positive for an STI represents the prevalence of STIs among women aged 17 to 20 at the university health center. Rationale: 1. Epidemic (A) is incorrect because the term refers to a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific population, which is not indicated in the question. 2. Incidence (B) is incorrect because it refers to the rate of new cases of a disease within a specified time period, not the total number of existing cases at a particular point in time. 3. Risk (D) is incorrect because it refers to the probability of an individual developing a specific condition, not the proportion of the population that currently has the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better healthcare access and quality. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period and is not specific to healthcare system comparison. C: Cause-specific morbidity rate focuses on the prevalence of specific diseases and does not provide a comprehensive measure of healthcare system success. D: Cause-specific mortality rate looks at the number of deaths from a specific cause and is not a holistic indicator of overall healthcare system performance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because weighing students can help identify those who are overweight, allowing for early intervention and support. This secondary prevention strategy enables the nurse to target at-risk children and provide tailored interventions. Option A focuses on primary prevention by promoting healthy habits generally. Option B is a health promotion activity rather than secondary prevention. Option D is not recommended as it involves putting students on a diet without considering individual circumstances, which can be harmful.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased sensitivity. Persons with AIDS have compromised immune systems, which can lead to a false negative TB skin test result even if they are infected. Decreased sensitivity means the test may not correctly identify true positive cases, leading to false negatives. A: Decreased positive predictive value - This is not the correct answer because positive predictive value refers to the likelihood that a positive test result truly indicates the presence of the condition. Sensitivity and specificity impact the accuracy of the test results. B: Decreased reliability - This is not the correct answer as reliability refers to the consistency of the test results. Sensitivity specifically relates to the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the condition. D: Decreased specificity - This is not the correct answer as specificity refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the condition. Sensitivity, not specificity, is affected in this scenario due to the immune deficiencies in persons with AIDS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. This source provides comprehensive data on health problems requiring hospitalization, aiding in long-range planning for staffing and space allocation. It offers detailed and standardized information on diagnoses and procedures, enabling the medical center to identify trends accurately. A: Local data from a professional survey may not capture a complete picture of health problems requiring hospitalization and may lack standardization. B: The National Health Interview Survey focuses on self-reported health conditions, which may not reflect the actual hospitalization needs. D: State's vital statistics provide data on births, deaths, and other vital events but may not offer detailed information on hospitalization trends.