ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
This year 600 of 8000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university health center tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which of the following terms best describes this data?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevalence. Prevalence refers to the proportion of individuals in a population with a specific condition at a given point in time. In this case, the percentage of young women with STI is a measure of prevalence, as it represents the existing cases within the population. It does not indicate the rate of new cases (incidence), the spread of a disease throughout a population (epidemic), or the likelihood of developing a disease (risk). Prevalence captures the burden of the disease in the population at a specific time point.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse advising the client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. In this case, the nurse is recommending dietary changes to prevent further bone loss or fractures in the client with osteoporosis, which aligns with the goals of secondary prevention. Choice A (Primary prevention) focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place, such as promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent osteoporosis. Choice C (Tertiary prevention) aims to manage and improve the quality of life for individuals already diagnosed with a disease, which is more advanced than the scenario provided. Choice D (Treatment, but not prevention) involves addressing the disease after it has already occurred, rather than taking proactive measures to prevent further complications.
Question 3 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because certain cultural or ethnic groups may have specific lifestyle habits, genetic predispositions, or environmental exposures that make them more susceptible to the disease. This would result in higher prevalence within that neighborhood compared to the rest of the city. Choice B is incorrect as the geographic location alone is unlikely to cause such a significant difference in disease prevalence. Choice C is incorrect because if the statistics are significant and consistent, it is unlikely to be a statistical fluke. Choice D is incorrect because the time of year should not impact disease prevalence in one neighborhood significantly more than the entire city.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical trial. In this scenario, a clinical trial is the most appropriate study design to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a nursing intervention. Clinical trials involve the systematic study of interventions in human subjects to evaluate their effects on health outcomes. By conducting a clinical trial, the nurse researcher can control variables, monitor participants over an extended period, and assess the intervention's impact on senior citizens living in the community. Cross-sectional studies (A) are snapshots in time and do not provide information on long-term outcomes. Ecological studies (B) analyze population-level data and may not offer individual-level insights. Retrospective analysis (D) involves looking back at historical data and may not capture real-time long-term effects of interventions.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is concerned about the high incidence of STDs in the community college population and sets up a special STD screening. Which of the following groups of students would be encouraged to attend? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sexually active students currently receiving treatment for an STD are at a higher risk of contracting and spreading STDs. By encouraging them to attend the screening, the nurse can monitor their progress and prevent further transmission. Choice B is incorrect because students who had been screened the previous year may have engaged in risky behavior since then, so regular screening is necessary. Choice C is incorrect as these students are not currently at risk of STDs, so their attendance is not crucial for this particular screening. Choice D is incorrect because even if students do not engage in penetrative sex, they can still contract and transmit STDs through other sexual activities.