This theorist supported the theory of moral reasoning. The theory of moral reasoning demonstrates how a person justifies right or wrong.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Kohlberg. Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his theory of moral development which outlines stages of moral reasoning individuals go through as they mature. This theory explains how individuals justify what is right or wrong based on their cognitive and moral development. Kohlberg's theory is widely used in understanding moral behavior and decision-making. Option A) Freud is known for his psychoanalytic theory which focuses on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences, not moral reasoning. Option B) Erikson is known for his psychosocial development theory which emphasizes the different stages of personality development throughout the lifespan, not moral reasoning specifically. Option D) Peters is not a well-known theorist in the field of moral reasoning or health behavior change. Understanding theories of moral reasoning is crucial in the field of health behavior change as it helps educators and practitioners understand how individuals make decisions related to their health behaviors. By knowing the stages of moral development, educators can tailor interventions and strategies to promote positive health behaviors effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, self-esteem is a fundamental psychological need that comes after fulfilling physiological and safety needs. The correct option, B) Self-respect, aligns with Maslow's concept of self-esteem, which refers to feeling confident in one's abilities, valuing oneself, and seeking respect from others. This component is crucial for individuals to develop a positive self-image and maintain emotional well-being. Option A) Companionship, while important for social connections and belongingness needs, does not directly correspond to the self-esteem component in Maslow's hierarchy. Similarly, option D) Love pertains to the need for love and belonging, distinct from self-esteem. Option C) Achieve success relates more to self-actualization, the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, where individuals strive to reach their full potential. Educationally, understanding Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its components is vital for professionals in fields such as psychology, counseling, healthcare, and education. By comprehending the hierarchical nature of human needs, practitioners can better assess and support individuals in achieving holistic well-being and personal growth. Recognizing the specific components of self-esteem within the hierarchy enables practitioners to tailor interventions and strategies that promote self-worth, confidence, and psychological fulfillment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient is responding to stress with increased arousal of the sympathetic nervous system, as evident by elevated vital signs. These will have a negative effect on his health and increase his perception of being anxious and stressed. Stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system will counter the sympathetic nervous systems arousal, normalizing these vital-sign changes and reducing the physiological demands stress is placing on his body. Other options do not address his physiological response pattern as directly or immediately.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Finding contentment within ones own work, even when it does not involve success as others might define it, is likely to lead to a reduced sense of distress about achievement level. It speaks to finding satisfaction and happiness without measuring the self against another person. Focusing on salary is simply a more specific way of being as successful as the sister, which would not promote coping. Expecting others to treat her as they do her sister is beyond her control. Dismissing the sisters cleverness as unimportant indicates that the patient continues to feel inferior to the sibling.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patients profession that he may be able to learn to cope more effectively reflects hope. Groups can instill hope in individuals who are demoralized or pessimistic. Altruism refers to doing good for others, which can result in positive feelings about oneself. Catharsis refers to venting of strong emotions. Cohesion refers to coming together and developing a connection with other group members.