This substance cannot pass through semipermeable walls of glomerulus

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Globin, albumin, and blood cells are too large for glomerular filtration all apply. This defines filtration barrier, critical for selectivity, contrasting with small solutes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The filtration membrane lies between blood and glomerular capsule comprises fenestrated endothelium (capillaries), visceral membrane (podocytes), and basement membrane (fused laminae), filtering plasma. The proximal tubule reabsorbs no filtration role. The Loop of Henle concentrates lacks this structure. The collecting duct adjusts via aquaporins not filtration. Its three-layered design distinguishes it, critical for selective filtration, unlike reabsorption or concentration sites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glucose in urine = filtration rate - Tmax: 900 mg/dL × 1.25 (GFR 125 mL/min) = 1125 mg/min - 380 = 745 mg/min excess spills (e.g., diabetes). Zero assumes full reabsorption false above Tmax. 380 is Tmax not excreted. 1125 is filtered ignores reabsorption. 745 mg/min distinguishes it, critical for glucosuria calculation, unlike total, max, or nil values.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Afferent denervation (e.g., tabes dorsalis) causes loss of sensation/reflex micturition tonic bladder (can't contract), overflow dribbling. Hypertonic spasms need efferent loss different. Increased reflexes misalign efferent issue. Normal micturition requires intact nerves false. Afferent loss distinguishes it, critical for reflex abolition, unlike efferent or intact errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: High GFR threatens dehydration/electrolyte depletion tubules can't reabsorb all (e.g., overwhelm Tmax), losing essentials. Waste reabsorption occurs if too low not high. Sluggish flow is low GFR opposite. No effect ignores physiology false. Depletion risk distinguishes it, critical for GFR regulation, unlike waste or flow errors.