This is a type of therapy that involves removing fluid from the lungs, typically through the use of diuretics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diuretic therapy. This is because diuretics are medications used to remove excess fluid from the body, including the lungs. By increasing urine output, diuretics help reduce fluid buildup in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Oxygen therapy (B) delivers oxygen to the lungs but does not involve removing fluid. Inhaler therapy (C) is used for respiratory conditions like asthma but does not remove fluid from the lungs. Antihistamine therapy (D) is used to treat allergies and does not address fluid buildup in the lungs. Thus, diuretic therapy is the most appropriate choice for removing fluid from the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart's ability to pump blood is reduced, causing fluid buildup in the lungs and other body parts due to inadequate circulation. It is a condition characterized by the heart's inability to meet the body's demands. Cardiomyopathy (B) is a disease of the heart muscle, while pericarditis (C) is inflammation of the pericardium, and myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle. These conditions can lead to heart failure but are not the direct cause of decreased pumping ability.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This condition involves the thickening of the heart muscle, leading to reduced blood pumping ability. This thickening makes it harder for the heart to relax and fill with blood properly, impairing its ability to pump effectively. Dilated cardiomyopathy (B) involves the enlargement of the heart chambers, not thickening. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffening but not necessarily thickening of the heart muscle. Arrhythmia (D) refers to irregular heart rhythms and does not relate to the structural changes in the heart muscle seen in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic aneurysm. A weakened and bulging aorta is a characteristic of an aortic aneurysm, which can lead to a rupture if left untreated. Aneurysms can develop due to various factors such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and genetic predisposition. The other choices, B (Arterial stenosis), C (Pulmonary embolism), and D (Deep vein thrombosis) are not correct because they do not specifically involve a weakened and bulging aorta. Arterial stenosis refers to narrowing of an artery, pulmonary embolism is a blockage in a lung artery, and deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot in a deep vein. Only aortic aneurysm fits the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic heart failure. In diastolic heart failure, the heart is unable to relax properly during the filling phase (diastole), leading to impaired filling of the ventricles. This results in decreased blood supply to the body. Systolic heart failure, on the other hand, is characterized by the heart's inability to contract effectively during the ejection phase (systole). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, affecting its function. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiffening of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to relax and fill properly, but it is different from diastolic heart failure.