ATI RN
Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 9
This endocrine disorder is a severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide in subcutaneous and other interstitial tissues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism that is characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in subcutaneous and other interstitial tissues. This condition leads to puffiness, swelling, and thickening of the skin, giving it a waxy appearance. Other symptoms of myxedema include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and hair loss. It is important to recognize and treat myxedema promptly as it can lead to serious complications such as myxedema coma, which is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.
Question 2 of 9
A woman in active labor requests hydrotherapy for pain relief. What is the nurse's priority action before initiating hydrotherapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before initiating hydrotherapy for pain relief during labor, the nurse's priority action should be to assess the maternal and fetal conditions to determine if the mother is eligible for this form of pain management. It is essential to ensure that hydrotherapy is safe and appropriate for the specific situation. Assessing the maternal condition includes evaluating factors such as the stage of labor, maternal and fetal well-being, and any medical conditions that could impact the use of hydrotherapy. This assessment helps to identify any contraindications or risks that may affect the mother and baby during hydrotherapy. By conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse can make an informed decision about whether hydrotherapy is suitable for the woman in labor.
Question 3 of 9
Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the phenomenon of immunological memory, wherein the immune system mounts a faster and more robust response upon re-exposure to a previously encountered pathogen?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immunological memory is primarily maintained by the clonal expansion of memory B cells. Memory B cells are a type of long-lived immune cell that originates from previously activated B cells during an immune response to a pathogen. When the immune system encounters the same pathogen again, memory B cells can quickly recognize and respond to it by undergoing rapid clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies. This quick and robust response leads to the more efficient elimination of the pathogen during secondary exposure, resulting in the faster and stronger immune response characteristic of immunological memory.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse anticipates that which one is prescribed to prevent a common bacterial complication from the dog bite?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic commonly prescribed for the prevention of bacterial infections that can result from animal bites, such as dog bites. Dog bites are often contaminated with bacteria and can lead to infections, particularly from organisms such as Pasteurella multocida. Ciprofloxacin is effective against a broad range of bacteria, including those commonly found in animal bites, making it a suitable choice for infection prophylaxis in this scenario. Ibuprofen is a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory medication, tetanus toxoid is given to prevent tetanus infection, and meperidine is a narcotic analgesic used for pain relief, but none of these options specifically target bacterial prevention in the case of a dog bite.
Question 5 of 9
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of epistaxis, gum bleeding, and easy bruising. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged bleeding time, normal platelet count, and normal PT and aPTT. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent episodes of epistaxis, gum bleeding, and easy bruising, along with laboratory findings of prolonged bleeding time, normal platelet count, and normal coagulation studies (PT and aPTT) are highly suggestive of Von Willebrand disease. Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which plays a key role in platelet adhesion and aggregation. The prolonged bleeding time is due to impaired platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall in the absence of functional vWF. Normal platelet count and normal PT/aPTT help differentiate Von Willebrand disease from other bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and platelet function disorders like Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
Question 6 of 9
In instilling the eye drops you have to tilt the back slightly Claudia's head. Which of the following is the RATIONALE for this nursing action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tipping Claudia's head back slightly helps in reaching the conjunctival sac easily. The conjunctival sac is a small space between the lower eyelid and the eye itself where eye drops are typically administered. Tilting the head back allows for better access to this area, ensuring the eye drops are delivered accurately and effectively into the eye.
Question 7 of 9
Nurse Emma advised the patient to quit smoking because nicotine wil1 contribute to _______.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes, is known to have harmful effects on pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to numerous complications, one of which is the increased risk of delivering a low birth weight infant. Low birth weight infants are born weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kilograms) and are at a higher risk of various health issues, developmental delays, and even mortality. Therefore, Nurse Emma advised the patient to quit smoking to reduce the risk of having a low birth weight infant.
Question 8 of 9
A patient presents with a pruritic, eczematous rash with erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. The patient reports a personal history of asthma and hay fever. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin condition that typically presents in individuals with a personal or family history of asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). The characteristic presentation includes erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. This type of dermatitis is commonly seen in patients with atopy, which refers to a genetic predisposition to develop allergic diseases like asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Therefore, given the patient's personal history of asthma and hay fever along with the described rash distribution and appearance, atopic dermatitis is the most likely diagnosis.
Question 9 of 9
A woman in active labor demonstrates signs of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), with the fetal head failing to descend despite strong contractions. What nursing action should be prioritized to address this abnormal labor presentation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a woman in active labor demonstrates signs of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) with the fetal head failing to descend despite strong contractions, the nursing action that should be prioritized is to prepare for immediate instrumental delivery. CPD can lead to a prolonged and difficult labor, increasing the risks for both the mother and the fetus. In cases where the fetal head is not descending adequately and the mother's contractions are strong, instrumental delivery, like forceps or vacuum extraction, may be necessary to facilitate the safe delivery of the baby. It is important to act promptly to avoid potential complications associated with prolonged labor. Other actions, such as performing a pelvic exam, changing maternal positions, or administering oxytocin, may be considered but addressing the issue of CPD efficiently through instrumental delivery should take precedence in this scenario.