ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B Questions
Question 1 of 5
This drug when taken orally reverses the hepatic necrosis effect of paracetamol :
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. Acetaminophen overdose can lead to hepatic necrosis, and acetylcysteine is effective in preventing or reversing this hepatotoxicity. It works by replenishing depleted hepatic stores of glutathione, which is essential for detoxifying the reactive metabolite of acetaminophen. This helps to protect the liver cells from damage caused by the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. Naloxone, vitamin K, warfarin, and diphenhydramine are not effective in reversing the hepatic necrosis caused by paracetamol overdose.
Question 2 of 5
The client takes a bisphosphonate for osteoporosis. Which assessment is best in determining the effectiveness of the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate) halt bone loss-bone density scans measure improvement, per efficacy standard. Calcium levels don't reflect bone strength. Fractures or pain absence helps but isn't direct-density shows progress, per treatment.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse administers medications by various routes of delivery. The nurse recognizes which route of administration as requiring higher dosages of drugs to achieve a therapeutic effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral drugs face first-pass metabolism in the liver, reducing bioavailability, so higher doses are needed for therapeutic effect compared to IV (100% bioavailability), sublingual (bypasses liver), or rectal (partial bypass). Oral route's loss to metabolism drives dosage needs, a pharmacokinetic distinction.
Question 4 of 5
A 53-year-old man with chronic neuropathic back pain and depression is managed with amitriptyline. He has recently complained of urinary frequency and was given a prescription for Ditropan. He now complains of acute abdominal pain and is unable to pass flatus or bowel movement. What is the most likely explanation of this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amitriptyline and Ditropan (oxybutynin), both anticholinergics, risk paralytic ileus , stopping GI motility, causing pain and obstruction. Hepatitis , pancreatitis , overdose , and normalcy (E) don't fit. Combined anticholinergic effects explain this acute issue.
Question 5 of 5
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine (Questran) powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholestyramine (Questran) is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. To prevent clumping and sticking to the glass when mixing the powder, the nurse will suggest mixing the powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. This method helps to evenly disperse the powder and prevent clumping, making it easier for the patient to consume the medication. Mixing the powder with a carbonated soda drink (choice A) may not be suitable as the effervescence of the soda could affect the medication's stability. Adding the powder to any liquid and stirring vigorously (choice B) may not dissolve the powder effectively. Taking the powder dry on a spoon followed by a glass of water (choice E) may be difficult for the patient to swallow and may not distribute the medication evenly. Mixing with food or fluid provides a more palatable and effective method for administering Questr