ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology Slideshare Questions
Question 1 of 5
This drug is an inhibitor of renin synthesis:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Propranolol. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that inhibits renin synthesis by blocking beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. This leads to decreased renin release and ultimately reduces the production of angiotensin II. Enalapril (B) is an ACE inhibitor that acts downstream by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Diazoxide (C) is a potassium channel activator and Losartan (D) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, both of which do not directly inhibit renin synthesis.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea drug that acts by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in beta islet cells, leading to calcium influx and insulin release. It stimulates both insulin synthesis and release. Phenformin, Buformine, and Metformin do not directly stimulate insulin release, making them incorrect choices.
Question 3 of 5
Selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer than nonselective COX-1 inhibitors but without loss of efficacy. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer than nonselective COX-1 inhibitors due to reduced risk of gastrointestinal side effects while maintaining efficacy. This is because COX-2 inhibitors target inflammation specifically, sparing COX-1 which is important for gastric mucosal protection. Nonselective COX-1 inhibitors can lead to gastric ulcers and bleeding. The other choices are incorrect: B: FALSE - selective COX-2 inhibitors are indeed safer than nonselective COX-1 inhibitors; C: None - this choice does not provide any information; D: All of the above - this choice is incorrect as only option A is true.
Question 4 of 5
Mechanism of action of cyclosporine A is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inhibits calcineurin. Cyclosporine A works by inhibiting calcineurin, a protein phosphatase that is crucial for the activation of T cells. By blocking calcineurin, cyclosporine A prevents the production of interleukin-2, a key cytokine involved in T cell activation and proliferation. This ultimately leads to suppression of the immune response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: Complement-mediated cytolysis of T lymphocytes is not the mechanism of action of cyclosporine A. B: ADCC towards T lymphocytes does not describe how cyclosporine A works. D: Competing for Fc receptors with autoantibodies is not related to the mechanism of action of cyclosporine A.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements concerning vitamin C functions are true:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Vitamin C is known for its antioxidant properties, which help in neutralizing free radicals and protecting cells from damage. 2. It is required for hydroxylation reactions, such as converting proline to hydroxyproline for collagen synthesis, essential for maintaining connective tissues. 3. Vitamin C does not function as pyridoxal phosphate (choice A) or a constituent of coenzyme A (choice B). 4. While vitamin C is involved in one-carbon metabolism, it does not directly act as a carrier of one-carbon groups as described in choice C. Summary: The correct answer (D) highlights the antioxidant properties and the role of vitamin C in hydroxylation reactions for collagen synthesis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they misrepresent the functions of vitamin C.