ATI RN
ATI Intro to Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
This describes the relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The volume of distribution (Vd) is a pharmacokinetic parameter that describes the relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given. It is a theoretical volume that indicates the extent of drug distribution in the body relative to its concentration in the bloodstream. A high volume of distribution suggests that the drug is extensively distributed throughout the tissues of the body, while a low volume of distribution indicates that the drug is largely confined to the bloodstream. Therefore, Vd is the correct answer in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
The physician has prescribed sertraline (Zoloft) for the patient who is anxious and depressed. The patient calls the nurse to report that he has experienced delayed ejaculation since being on this medication. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sertraline, an SSRI, often causes sexual side effects like delayed ejaculation-common, per patient data-but depression treatment outweighs this for now. Switching is an option, not immediate. Suicide risk from stopping is possible but not assumed. It rarely resolves alone-management varies. Prioritizing depression balances care, per guidelines.
Question 3 of 5
The following drugs commonly cause hepatotoxicity:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paracetamol overdose can cause severe hepatotoxicity due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following CNS receptors is directly coupled to an ion channel so that the effects of its activation do not involve second messenger systems?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotinic acetylcholine (N ACh) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, directly opening to allow sodium and potassium flux upon acetylcholine binding, producing rapid effects without second messengers—key in neuromuscular transmission. Alpha-adrenergic (a NE) receptors couple to G-proteins, using second messengers like IP3 or cAMP. D2A dopamine receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase via Gi proteins, involving cAMP. Mu opioid receptors (µ) also use Gi proteins, reducing cAMP and opening potassium channels indirectly. 5HT2 serotonin receptors activate phospholipase C, generating IP3. The nicotinic receptor's direct ion channel linkage distinguishes it, enabling fast synaptic responses without the delay of intracellular signaling cascades.
Question 5 of 5
If you are treating a patient that has renal failure, what type of pain medications should you avoid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In patients with renal failure, NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) should be avoided as they can further impair kidney function and potentially cause kidney damage. NSAIDs can lead to acute kidney injury and worsen existing renal conditions by affecting prostaglandin synthesis in the kidneys, leading to decreased renal blood flow. It is essential to choose pain medications that do not rely on the kidneys for metabolism or excretion, such as nonopioid analgesics or certain types of opioids that are safe for use in renal impairment. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for proper pain management in patients with renal failure.