These facts are true regarding the developmental stage of preschool children EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question about developmental stages of preschool children on the NCLEX RN exam, the correct answer is D) masturbation. Preschool children typically do not engage in masturbation as a normal developmental behavior. A) Handedness being achieved by 3 years of age is correct as most children establish a hand preference by this age. B) Boys being later than girls in achieving bladder control is also true due to differences in physical development. C) Knowing gender by 4 years is accurate as children typically have a solid understanding of their gender identity by this age. It is essential for nurses to understand typical developmental milestones in children to assess for any delays or abnormalities. By knowing what behaviors are expected at certain ages, healthcare providers can intervene early if there are any concerns. Understanding these developmental norms also helps nurses educate parents on what to expect and how to support their child's growth and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 2 yr. This question pertains to pediatric growth and development. By the age of 2 years, a child's birthweight usually quadruples. This rapid growth is a crucial indicator of healthy development during the early years of life. Option A) 1.5 yr is incorrect because by this age, a child's birthweight typically triples, not quadruples. Option C) 2.5 yr is also incorrect as by this age, a child's birthweight would have exceeded quadrupling. Option D) 3 yr is incorrect because by this age, a child's birthweight would have more than quadrupled, indicating further growth and development. Understanding pediatric growth milestones is essential for nurses taking the NCLEX-RN exam as it helps them assess a child's development, detect any potential issues early, and provide appropriate care and interventions. Monitoring growth parameters like birthweight helps healthcare professionals ensure children are progressing as expected and identify any concerns promptly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 1-year-old boy with high-grade fever, conjunctivitis, and a generalized maculopapular rash, especially with a history of an elder sibling having similar complaints 10 days prior, is measles (Option D). Measles typically presents with the described symptoms and is highly contagious, especially among unvaccinated individuals. Educational Context: Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that can lead to serious complications, especially in young children. Recognizing the clinical presentation of measles is crucial for prompt diagnosis and management. This question challenges the test-taker to identify the characteristic symptoms of measles in a pediatric patient. Explanation of Incorrect Options: A) Rubella: Rubella typically presents with a milder rash and less severe systemic symptoms compared to measles. B) Kawasaki Disease: Kawasaki disease presents with fever, mucosal changes, rash, and lymphadenopathy, but does not typically involve conjunctivitis as a prominent feature. C) Scarlet Fever: Scarlet fever is caused by group A Streptococcus and presents with a sandpaper-like rash and strawberry tongue, but typically does not have the classic conjunctivitis seen in measles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D: "Related to underdeveloped judgment and impulse control in adolescence." This answer is correct because during adolescence, the prefrontal cortex of the brain, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is still developing. This can lead to teenagers engaging in risky behaviors without fully understanding the consequences. Option A, "Typical of young teens," is incorrect because it generalizes all young teens as engaging in risky behavior, which is not always the case. Option B, "Related to hormonal surges during adolescence," is incorrect because while hormonal changes can influence behavior, the primary reason for risky behavior in teens is the underdeveloped brain functions. Option C, "An isolated incident that will not likely happen again," is incorrect because risky behavior in adolescents is often a pattern rather than a one-time event due to their brain development stage. Educationally, understanding the biological basis of adolescent behavior can help parents and caregivers support teens in making better decisions and guiding them towards safer choices. It is essential to provide adolescents with guidance, boundaries, and education on risk-taking behaviors to promote their safety and well-being during this developmental stage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is C) Circumcision is an option but should be delayed, as the foreskin may be needed for surgical repair in a newborn with hypospadias. This answer is the best because in hypospadias, where the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis, the foreskin tissue may be used in surgical correction. Circumcision may remove this tissue needed for future surgeries to correct the condition. Option A is incorrect because circumcision is not contraindicated in all cases, especially in hypospadias where surgical repair may be necessary. Option B is incorrect as circumcision solely for preventing infection is not a primary indication in this scenario. Option D is incorrect because circumcision can be performed in a child with hypospadias but timing and consideration of surgical needs are crucial. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific considerations in pediatric conditions like hypospadias. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential impact of procedures like circumcision on future treatment options and to provide accurate and patient-centered information to families.