These facts are true regarding the developmental stage of preschool children EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) masturbation. Preschool children typically do not engage in masturbation as a developmental milestone. Understanding the rationale for why the correct answer is right involves recognizing typical developmental milestones for preschool children. Preschoolers are not developmentally ready for sexual exploration behaviors like masturbation, as this behavior emerges later during puberty. Option A, handedness achieved by 3 years of age, is correct. By age 3, most children have developed a dominant hand preference, although it may not be fully established until a bit later. Option B states that boys are usually later than girls in achieving bladder control, which is true. Girls typically achieve bladder control earlier than boys due to differences in physical development. Option C, knowing gender by 4 years, is also accurate. By age 4, children typically have a strong understanding of their own gender identity and can correctly identify the gender of others. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for pediatric nursing practice as it helps nurses assess a child's growth and development accurately. Recognizing deviations from these norms can indicate potential developmental delays or concerns that may require further evaluation or intervention. It is essential for nurses preparing for the NCLEX RN exam to have a solid understanding of typical developmental milestones across different age groups to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding growth and development milestones is crucial. The correct answer is B) 2 yr. Birthweight typically quadruples by the age of 2 years in a healthy infant. This rapid growth phase is essential for monitoring overall health and development during early childhood. Option A) 1.5 yr is incorrect because by this age, the birthweight does not usually quadruple yet. Option C) 2.5 yr is also incorrect as it is past the typical age for quadrupling birthweight. Option D) 3 yr is too late for this significant growth milestone to occur. Educationally, knowing when certain growth milestones are expected helps nurses assess a child's development and overall well-being. It also guides healthcare providers in identifying any potential growth concerns or delays that may require further evaluation or intervention. Understanding these timelines is essential for providing quality pediatric care and promoting optimal health outcomes for children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 1-year-old boy in this scenario is measles (Option D). Measles typically presents with high fever, conjunctivitis, and a maculopapular rash. The fact that his sibling had similar complaints 10 days prior suggests a contagious viral illness like measles, which spreads easily among unvaccinated individuals. Rubella (Option A) presents with a milder illness and a rash that starts on the face and spreads downward. Kawasaki disease (Option B) is characterized by prolonged fever, mucosal changes, extremity changes, and lymphadenopathy, but it does not typically present with a rash like measles. Scarlet fever (Option C) is caused by Group A Streptococcus and presents with a rash and "strawberry" tongue, but it does not match the presentation described in the case. Educationally, understanding the typical presentation of common pediatric illnesses is crucial for nurses preparing for the NCLEX-RN exam. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms of each condition helps in accurate diagnosis and timely intervention, improving patient outcomes. It also underscores the importance of vaccination in preventing diseases like measles, highlighting the role of public health initiatives in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Related to underdeveloped judgment and impulse control in adolescence. This behavior in the 13-year-old boy is typical of adolescence due to the ongoing brain development during this stage. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for judgment and impulse control, is not fully developed in adolescents, leading to risky behaviors like racing bikes. It is crucial for parents to understand that such behaviors are common in adolescence and require guidance and supervision. Option A) Typical of young teens, is incorrect because it does not provide an explanation for the underlying reasons for the behavior. Option B) Related to hormonal surges during adolescence, is incorrect as hormonal changes contribute to mood swings but not directly to decision-making. Option C) An isolated incident that will not likely happen again, is incorrect as it dismisses the developmental aspect of adolescent behavior. Educationally, understanding the cognitive and emotional development of adolescents is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By recognizing the normal developmental milestones and challenges of this age group, nurses can better support both the adolescents and their families in navigating this stage of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Circumcision is an option but should be delayed, as the foreskin may be needed for surgical repair. In the case of hypospadias, where the urethral meatus is located on the ventral side of the penis, surgical repair often involves using the foreskin tissue. Circumcision removes this potential tissue source, making it more challenging to perform corrective surgery later on. Option A is incorrect because circumcision is not contraindicated but should be delayed in this specific scenario. Option B is incorrect as circumcision for preventing infection is not the primary concern in this case. Option D is incorrect as circumcision can still be a consideration but timing is crucial in the context of hypospadias management. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific considerations in pediatric urological conditions like hypospadias. It emphasizes the need for nurses to provide accurate information to parents based on the individual needs of the child, ensuring optimal outcomes for potential surgical interventions.