There is no abdominal tenderness or distention and no vomiting. If these are intussusception or volvulus, should be present, other diagnoses, such as considered. Peripheral eosinophilia generally is not present on complete blood count, which nevertheless should be performed to rule out an associated iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Iron deficiency anemia. The absence of abdominal tenderness, distention, vomiting, and peripheral eosinophilia on a complete blood count suggests that conditions like intussusception and volvulus are less likely. Instead, the focus should be on considering other diagnoses, such as iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is a common condition in children and can present with symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Performing a complete blood count is crucial to assess the child's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which can indicate if iron deficiency anemia is present. Intussusception and volvulus typically present with more specific symptoms like severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and signs of bowel obstruction, which are absent in this case. It is essential for nurses to understand the distinguishing features of different pediatric respiratory conditions to provide accurate care. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of thorough assessment and differential diagnosis in pediatric patients. It highlights the need to consider a broad range of conditions based on presenting symptoms and laboratory findings, guiding nurses to think critically and prioritize appropriate interventions based on the clinical picture.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chest physiotherapy is most beneficial in children with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs. Chest physiotherapy helps to mobilize and clear this mucus from the airways, improving ventilation and reducing the risk of infections. This treatment is crucial in managing the symptoms and complications of cystic fibrosis. Foreign body inhalation, asthma, and atelectasis are conditions that do not primarily involve the accumulation of thick mucus in the airways like cystic fibrosis does. Chest physiotherapy may not be as effective or necessary in these conditions compared to cystic fibrosis. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam to understand the specific indications for chest physiotherapy in pediatric respiratory conditions. This knowledge will help them provide optimal care to pediatric patients with respiratory disorders and make appropriate clinical decisions based on the underlying pathophysiology of each condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Spasmodic croup. In this scenario, the child's presentation of sudden harsh barking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor at night without a preceding upper respiratory tract infection suggests spasmodic croup. This condition typically occurs at night, has a sudden onset, and is characterized by intermittent episodes of stridor and barking cough. A) Bacterial tracheitis: This condition usually presents with high fever, toxic appearance, and purulent secretions, which are not seen in this case. B) Epiglottitis: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that presents with high fever, drooling, dysphagia, and a muffled voice. It is unlikely in this case due to the absence of these symptoms. D) Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB): LTB typically presents with a gradual onset of symptoms, including fever, cough, and stridor. The sudden onset and intermittent nature of symptoms in this case make LTB less likely. Educational context: Understanding the distinct clinical presentations of pediatric respiratory conditions is crucial for nurses taking the NCLEX and for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms of conditions like croup, tracheitis, epiglottitis, and LTB is essential for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Kartagener syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a triad of situs inversus (reversal of organs), pansinusitis (inflammation of all paranasal sinuses), and bronchiectasis (dilation and scarring of the bronchial tubes). Option A is correct because it includes all three components of Kartagener syndrome. Option B is incorrect because dextrocardia (heart pointing towards the right side of the chest) is not a component of Kartagener syndrome. Option C is incorrect as it includes recurrent otitis media instead of pansinusitis. Option D is incorrect because it includes asthma instead of bronchiectasis. Educationally, understanding Kartagener syndrome is crucial for pediatric nurses as it impacts respiratory function and requires specialized care. Knowing the key components of this syndrome helps nurses provide appropriate interventions and support for affected pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In older patients with cystic fibrosis, pneumonia is usually caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Option A). This bacterium is commonly found in the respiratory tracts of individuals with cystic fibrosis due to the thick, sticky mucus that characterizes the condition. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for its ability to thrive in such environments and can lead to recurrent infections and worsening respiratory symptoms in these patients. Staphylococcus aureus (Option B) is more commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections rather than pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients. Chlamydia trachomatis (Option C) is a bacterium that typically causes sexually transmitted infections and is not a common cause of pneumonia in this population. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Option D) is more commonly associated with atypical pneumonia in children and young adults, not typically seen in older patients with cystic fibrosis. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens that commonly cause pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis is crucial for nurses and other healthcare providers. This knowledge helps in selecting appropriate treatment strategies, monitoring for complications, and educating patients and their families on infection prevention practices. Being able to differentiate between various pathogens and their associated conditions is essential for providing safe and effective care to this patient population.