There is great variation among individual responses to the same stressor. In addition to age, nutritional status, and genetic inheritance, which additional factor influences the expression of stress response and reflects the complex psychological processing involved?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the individual's appraisal of the stressor. This is because how a person perceives and interprets a stressor plays a significant role in determining their stress response. Individuals who appraise a stressor as a threat are more likely to experience a heightened stress response compared to those who view it as a challenge. This cognitive evaluation is crucial in shaping emotional and physiological reactions to stress. A: The type of stressor is not the additional factor influencing stress response in this context. Different stressors may elicit different responses, but the question is asking for an additional factor beyond age, nutritional status, and genetic inheritance. B: The amount of stress is not the primary focus here. While the intensity of stress can impact the response, the question is specifically asking for an additional factor influencing stress response beyond the factors mentioned. C: The context of the stressful event is important but does not directly influence the expression of stress response as much as the individual's appraisal of the stress

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: absorbed through the skin. Transdermal medications are delivered through the skin and absorbed into the bloodstream. This route allows for slow, controlled release of the medication over an extended period. Choice A, dissolved inside the cheek, refers to sublingual administration. Choice C, inserted into the vaginal cavity, is intravaginal administration. Choice D, inhaled into the respiratory tract, is inhalation administration. These routes are different from transdermal and have specific mechanisms of action distinct from skin absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Radial. The radial pulse site is located on the wrist and is easily accessible for self-monitoring at home. It is a common site for taking pulse measurements and is convenient for regular monitoring. The radial artery is close to the surface, making it easy to locate and palpate. Monitoring the radial pulse provides an accurate representation of the heart rate. A: Apical pulse is located at the apex of the heart and is usually measured using a stethoscope. It is not practical for self-monitoring at home. B: Pedal pulse is located on the foot and may be difficult for the client to accurately measure on their own. D: Femoral pulse is located in the groin area and is not easily accessible for self-monitoring at home.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Polypharmacy. Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications concurrently, which can lead to drug-drug interactions causing adverse effects like dizziness. In this case, the client's dizziness is likely due to the combination of the herbal remedy for arthritis with prescribed medications. B: Sleep disorder is incorrect because dizziness is not typically associated with sleep disorders. C: Cascade iatrogenesis is incorrect as it refers to a sequence of adverse events resulting from medical treatment, not specifically related to dizziness. D: Fluid volume overload is incorrect as it is characterized by symptoms like edema and shortness of breath, not dizziness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Orthostatic hypotension. When an older adult falls during a transfer, orthostatic hypotension is a likely health problem to consider. Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, leading to dizziness or fainting. This condition can increase the risk of falls, especially during position changes like transferring from bed to a commode. Bradypnea (A) refers to abnormally slow breathing rate, not directly related to falls. Palpitations (B) are rapid or irregular heartbeats, not typically associated with falls. Primary hypertension (C) is high blood pressure without a known cause, which is not directly linked to falls during transfers.