Therapeutic uses of caffeine include all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gastric ulceration. Caffeine is not typically associated with causing gastric ulcers. Caffeine is actually used as a treatment for migraines due to its ability to constrict blood vessels. It is also used to relieve drowsiness (somnolence) by stimulating the central nervous system. Additionally, caffeine can help improve cardiovascular function and respiratory efficiency, so choices A, B, and C are all potential therapeutic uses of caffeine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ketamine anesthesia is associated with cardiovascular stimulation due to its sympathomimetic effects. It also increases cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and intracranial pressure. Additionally, disorientation, sensory and perceptual illusions, and vivid dreams can occur post-anesthesia due to its psychotomimetic properties. Choices A, B, and C individually do not fully encompass the range of effects associated with ketamine anesthesia, making D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Prochlorperazine is a typical antipsychotic that also has antiemetic properties due to its dopamine receptor blocking activity. 2. Neuroleptics, like prochlorperazine, target dopamine receptors in the brain to alleviate symptoms. 3. Metoclopramide works by enhancing motility in the upper GI tract and has no direct relation to neuroleptics. 4. Nabilone is a synthetic cannabinoid used as an antiemetic, not related to neuroleptics. 5. Tropisetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic, not related to neuroleptics. Summary: Prochlorperazine is the correct answer as it shares the mechanism of action with neuroleptics by targeting dopamine receptors. Metoclopramide, nabilone, and tropisetron do not have this direct relationship with neuroleptics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aglycone is essential for cardiotonic action because it refers to the non-sugar component of a glycoside molecule that possesses pharmacological activity. In cardiotonic action, the aglycone part of the glycoside compound is responsible for the therapeutic effect on the heart, making choice C the correct answer. Plasma protein binding (choice A), half-life (choice B), and metabolism (choice D) do not directly involve the aglycone component in the context of this question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sustac. Sustac is a long-acting nitrate drug that provides sustained release of nitroglycerin, leading to prolonged vasodilation effects. This is achieved through its formulation that allows for controlled and gradual release of the medication over an extended period of time. In contrast, options A, B, and C are short-acting nitrate drugs that are rapidly absorbed and have a shorter duration of action, making them unsuitable for long-term management of conditions requiring sustained vasodilation.