The widespread use of which public health intervention led to the near-eradication of polio worldwide?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vaccination campaigns. Vaccination campaigns were crucial in nearly eradicating polio worldwide by creating herd immunity. This intervention effectively prevented the spread of the virus by immunizing large populations. Quarantine measures (B) alone would not have been as effective in eradicating a highly contagious disease like polio. Antiviral drug treatments (C) are not as effective in preventing the spread of a virus like polio compared to vaccination. Health education programs (D) are important but do not directly prevent the transmission of the poliovirus like vaccination does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO was established in 1948 to address global health issues, including pandemics and health crises. It is the leading international organization focused on public health, setting norms and standards, providing technical support, and coordinating responses to health emergencies. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a US-based agency focused on domestic health issues, not specifically global pandemics. C: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria focuses on funding programs to combat specific diseases, rather than overall global health crises. D: The World Bank Health Initiative focuses on financing health projects in developing countries, but it is not a primary organization for addressing pandemics and health crises globally.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act was to provide benefits for elderly, unemployed, and disabled individuals. This act established a system of social insurance that included old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and assistance for the disabled. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To establish the National Health Service - This was not the primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act. The act focused more on economic security than on healthcare. B: To provide a foundation for public health programs - While the act did contribute to the overall well-being of individuals, its main focus was on providing financial support to specific groups in need. C: To create the first national health insurance plan - The act did not create a comprehensive national health insurance plan but rather focused on social insurance programs for specific groups.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the launch of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, as it specifically focused on improving maternal and child health. The CDC (A) primarily focuses on disease control and prevention. Antibiotics (C) revolutionized treatment but not specifically for maternal and child health. The World Health Organization (D) has a broader global health focus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative. This initiative, launched in 1988, specifically targeted the eradication of polio through vaccination efforts worldwide. It involved coordinated vaccination campaigns, surveillance, and monitoring to eliminate the disease. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The Global Vaccination Program is a vague and generic term that does not specifically address polio eradication. C: The Smallpox Eradication Campaign, while significant, focused on eradicating smallpox, not polio. D: The Health for All Campaign is a broad initiative by the World Health Organization that aimed to achieve universal health coverage, but it did not have a primary focus on polio eradication through vaccination.