ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The walls of the atria produce which hormone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), from atrial walls, reduces blood volume/pressure by promoting sodium/water excretion. Cholecystokinin aids digestion, renin (kidneys) raises pressure, calcitriol (vitamin D) manages calcium. ANP's atrial origin distinguishes it, vital for cardiovascular homeostasis, contrasting with digestive or renal hormones.
Question 2 of 5
The mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal glands are produced within the?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, are synthesized in the adrenal cortex's zona glomerulosa, regulating sodium/potassium balance and blood pressure. Parafollicular cells (thyroid C-cells) produce calcitonin for calcium, not mineralocorticoids. Zona reticularis and fasciculata collaborate reticularis makes androgens, fasciculata glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), not mineralocorticoids, though some overlap exists. Zona glomerulosa's outer-layer specificity for aldosterone distinguishes it, critical for electrolyte homeostasis, unlike thyroid or other adrenal zones' roles.
Question 3 of 5
What happens during Simmond's disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Simmond's disease, panhypopituitarism, results from pituitary damage (e.g., infarction), reducing hormone output, causing low stimulation of target glands (thyroid, adrenals, gonads). Excess GH is gigantism, renal ADH issues are diabetes insipidus, and prolactin excess is hyperprolactinemia. Low target gland activity distinguishes Simmond's, key to multi-hormone deficiency, contrasting with excess or renal disorders.
Question 4 of 5
In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta cells in pancreatic islets secrete insulin, lowering blood glucose by driving cellular uptake and glycogen storage. Delta cells release somatostatin, inhibiting other hormones. Alpha cells produce glucagon, raising glucose. 'Gamma' isn't a pancreatic cell type possibly a typo (Q4 lists 'beta' twice). Beta cells' insulin role distinguishes them, critical for glucose homeostasis, unlike inhibitory or glucose-elevating cells.
Question 5 of 5
Which gland controls basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thyroid controls BMR via T3/T4, increasing cellular energy use, setting resting metabolism. Parathyroid regulates calcium (PTH), not BMR. Testes produce testosterone, affecting muscle, not baseline metabolism. Pancreas (insulin/glucagon) manages glucose, not BMR directly. Thyroid's metabolic dominance distinguishes it, critical for energy homeostasis, unlike calcium, sex, or glucose regulators.