ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The visceral serous pericardium is also known as the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardial sac, adhering to the heart’s surface, and is synonymous with the epicardium (B). The endocardium (A) lines the heart chambers, fibrous pericardium (C) is the outer tough layer, and myocardium (D) is the muscular layer.
Question 2 of 5
The contraction of the heart muscle is called
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systole (C) is heart muscle contraction (atrial or ventricular). Diastole (A) is relaxation, peristalsis (B) is GI movement, and spasm (D) is involuntary contraction.
Question 3 of 5
Identify the type of vessel that functions in exchange of blood gases, nutrients, and wastes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Capillaries (D) are thin-walled, allowing gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and tissues. Arteries (A), arterioles (B), and venules (C) transport, not exchange.
Question 4 of 5
Blood pressure is highest in the ___ and lowest in the ___
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood pressure is highest in the aorta (B, ~120/80 mmHg) and lowest in the vena cavae (~0-5 mmHg) as it returns to the heart. Capillaries (A, C) are intermediate (~25 mmHg), arterioles (D) higher than capillaries.
Question 5 of 5
Place the events of the angiotensin/aldosterone pathway in order of occurrence. 1. Formation of angiotensin II, 2. Increase in blood volume, 3. Reabsorption of sodium and water, 4. Secretion of aldosterone, 5. Secretion of renin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Order: 5. Renin secretion (low BP), 1. Angiotensin II formation (via ACE), 4. Aldosterone secretion (adrenals), 3. Sodium/water reabsorption, 2. Increased blood volume (D). A, B, C misorder steps.