ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The vasa vasorum are minute vessels within the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The vasa vasorum are small blood vessels nourishing the walls of larger arteries and veins, located in the tunica adventitia (and sometimes tunica media), as these walls are too thick for diffusion alone.
Question 2 of 5
The following four components of the blood are necessary for clotting:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood clotting requires calcium (cofactor), prothrombin (converted to thrombin), fibrinogen (forms fibrin), and platelets (form the plug and release clotting factors). Heparin inhibits clotting, and albumin/globulin/vitamin A are not directly involved.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement about erythrocytes is untrue?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythrocytes number ~25 trillion, are biconcave discs, and hemoglobin is ~15% of blood weight (close to one-sixth), but citric acid is not a key component (heme and globin are). This statement is untrue.
Question 4 of 5
Hemostasis does not involve:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemostasis includes vasoconstriction (smooth muscle), platelet adhesion, and clot retraction. The renin-angiotensin system regulates blood pressure, not directly involved in hemostasis.
Question 5 of 5
On the heart, the impact of adrenaline is all of these except that
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenaline (epinephrine) increases heart rate (chronotropy), contraction force (inotropy), and oxygen demand via β-adrenergic stimulation. However, it increases myocardial irritability (risk of arrhythmias), not decreases it, making C the exception.