The usual presenting symptoms of peptic ulcer disease in infants and younger children are the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding the typical presenting symptoms of peptic ulcer disease in infants and younger children is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective interventions. In this case, the correct answer is C) epigastric pain. Epigastric pain is a common symptom in older children and adults with peptic ulcer disease, but it is not a usual presenting symptom in infants and younger children. Young children may not be able to articulate or localize their pain in the epigastric region as effectively as older individuals. Feeding difficulty (Option A) is often seen in infants with peptic ulcer disease due to discomfort while eating. Vomiting (Option B) can occur as a result of irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. Hematemesis (Option D), which is vomiting blood, can be a severe symptom of peptic ulcer disease in children. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the differences in how peptic ulcer disease may present in infants and younger children compared to older patients. This knowledge enables nurses to conduct thorough assessments, provide appropriate interventions, and collaborate effectively with healthcare providers to ensure optimal care for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a 14-year-old with celiac disease, it is essential for the nurse to ensure that the patient follows a strict gluten-free diet. Option D, which includes cheese, banana slices, rice cakes, and whole milk, is the correct meal choice as it is gluten-free. Option A includes rye toast, which contains gluten, making it unsuitable for someone with celiac disease. Option B with pancakes likely contains gluten unless specified otherwise, and sausage links may also contain gluten as fillers. Option C includes oat cereal, which may be contaminated with gluten unless certified gluten-free, and breakfast pastries typically contain gluten. Educationally, understanding the importance of a gluten-free diet in celiac disease management is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. By choosing the correct meal option, the nurse ensures the patient's adherence to dietary restrictions, promoting better health outcomes and symptom management for the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the immediate postoperative period following cleft lip repair in a 4-month-old infant, the best position for the child is option C) Supine. Placing the infant in a supine position helps to minimize pressure on the surgical site, reduces the risk of disrupting sutures or incisions, and promotes airway patency and proper oxygenation, which are crucial for healing and recovery. Option A) Right side-lying and option B) Left side-lying can increase the risk of putting pressure on the surgical site and may lead to discomfort for the infant. Placing the infant in a prone position (option D) is contraindicated as it can also put pressure on the surgical area and compromise the infant's ability to breathe effectively, especially considering the age and recent surgery of the child. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning post cleft lip repair is essential for pediatric nurses to provide optimal care and promote successful outcomes for their young patients. By ensuring proper positioning, nurses can contribute significantly to the infant's comfort, safety, and overall recovery process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Continue breastfeeding per routine. This option is appropriate because breastfeeding should be continued to prevent dehydration in infants with diarrhea. Breast milk provides essential nutrients, hydration, and antibodies that can help the infant recover faster. Option A) Administer Imodium as needed is incorrect because anti-diarrheal medications like Imodium are not recommended for infants due to potential side effects and risks. Option B) Administer Kaopectate as needed is also incorrect as Kaopectate contains ingredients that are not recommended for infants and young children. Option D) The infant may return to daycare 24 hours after antibiotics have been started is incorrect because antibiotics are not indicated for viral diarrhea caused by rotavirus. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the appropriate management of diarrhea in infants, including the importance of breastfeeding, avoiding unnecessary medications, and the differences in treatment approaches for viral versus bacterial causes of diarrhea. This knowledge is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Maternal polyhydramnios. Esophageal atresia is a congenital condition where the esophagus does not develop properly, leading to a gap between the upper and lower parts of the esophagus. This condition can result in excess amniotic fluid in the womb, known as polyhydramnios. When the baby swallows amniotic fluid, it cannot pass through the esophagus, causing a buildup of fluid in the womb. Option B) Pregnancy lasting more than 38 weeks is not directly associated with esophageal atresia. The condition is related to abnormal development of the esophagus rather than the duration of pregnancy. Option C) Poor nutrition during pregnancy is not a specific risk factor for esophageal atresia. While proper nutrition is essential for overall fetal development, it is not directly linked to this congenital anomaly. Option D) Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is more commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other developmental abnormalities, rather than esophageal atresia specifically. Educational Context: Understanding the maternal history and risk factors associated with congenital conditions like esophageal atresia is crucial for pediatric nurses. By recognizing the correlation between maternal polyhydramnios and esophageal atresia, nurses can anticipate and provide appropriate care for newborns with this condition. This knowledge enables nurses to offer comprehensive support to both the infant and the family, promoting better outcomes and quality of care.