The use of herbs has become a popular alternative to prescription drugs in today's health care milieu. During which other historical periods did health practices focus on the use of herbs?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prehistoric times and the Middle Ages. In prehistoric times, herbs were used as the primary form of medicine. During the Middle Ages, herbal medicine continued to be prevalent due to limited medical knowledge. Other choices are incorrect because B, C, and D do not align with historical periods where herbal medicine was a dominant health practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: philosophy. This statement reflects the fundamental beliefs and values that guide the practice of nursing. It outlines the core principles of nursing, emphasizing caring and promoting health. A concept (A) refers to a general idea or notion. A construct (B) is an abstract idea or theory. A model (D) is a representation or framework used to explain a phenomenon. In this case, the statement is more aligned with a philosophy as it encapsulates the overarching principles and purpose of nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continual supervision is being provided until the RN determines competency. Rationale: 1. Continual supervision is necessary for the LPN/LVN on the first day to assess their competency. 2. The RN checks frequently throughout the shift to provide support and evaluate the LPN/LVN's performance. 3. Competency must be determined before reducing supervision levels. 4. This level of supervision ensures patient safety and quality care. Incorrect choices: A: There is no supervision - Incorrect because supervision is provided by the RN. B: Periodic inspection - Incorrect as continual supervision is needed for competency assessment. D: Initial supervision - Incorrect as supervision should continue until competency is established. In summary, choice C is correct as continual supervision is crucial for the LPN/LVN on their first day to ensure patient safety and quality care.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Zero-based Rationale: 1. Zero-based budgeting starts from scratch, evaluating each expense regardless of the prior year. 2. It helps eliminate inefficiencies and ensures resources are allocated to high-priority areas. 3. By not relying on past data, outdated information does not influence the budget decisions. Summary: B: Incremental budgeting builds on the previous year's budget, not starting from zero. C: Labor budget focuses specifically on labor costs, not the overall budgeting approach. D: Operational budget typically considers historical data and current operations, unlike zero-based budgeting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, completing a preceptorship with an advanced practice nurse. This experience allows the nursing student to directly work with and learn from a more experienced healthcare professional, gaining firsthand knowledge of interprofessional collaboration, communication, and teamwork. The preceptorship provides practical, real-world exposure to interprofessional team dynamics and allows for mentorship and guidance. A: Attending a seminar may provide theoretical knowledge but lacks the practical application and direct experience of working within a team. C: Caring for patients with varying medical diagnoses is important for developing clinical skills but may not specifically focus on interprofessional team participation. D: Presenting patient information at a meeting involves communication skills but does not offer the same level of hands-on experience in interprofessional teamwork as a preceptorship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Contact the elected representative's office by telephone to request support for the bill. This action is the most direct and effective way to influence the passage of the bill. By directly contacting the elected representative, the nurse can advocate for the importance of the bill and provide relevant information to garner their support. This direct communication with the decision-maker holds significant weight in influencing their vote on the bill. A: Explaining the rationale to the school board may be informative, but the school board may not have direct influence on the state legislature. C: Supporting a health advocate to run for election is a long-term strategy and may not have an immediate impact on the passage of the bill. D: Telling all students about the bill may raise awareness but may not directly influence the lawmakers' decisions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because decreasing the number of patients cared for on a specific unit can improve patient outcomes by allowing nurses to provide more individualized care, reduce workload stress, and prevent errors. Staffing only 8-hour shifts (A) may not address the root cause of patient outcomes. Increasing salaries for experienced nurses (C) may improve retention but does not directly impact patient care. Increasing staffing on the evening shift (D) may help with workload distribution but does not address the overall patient load issue.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: founding the American Red Cross. Clara Barton is renowned for establishing the American Red Cross in 1881, providing humanitarian aid during times of war and disaster. This is the most accurate choice as it aligns with her significant contribution to society. Choice A is incorrect as Clara Barton was not the first black public health nurse. Choice B is incorrect as the Henry Street Settlement was founded by Lillian Wald. Choice D is incorrect as while Clara Barton did advocate for improvements in nursing education, her most notable accomplishment was the establishment of the American Red Cross.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: The Industrial Revolution introduced poor working conditions in factories, which extended to hospitals. Step 2: Poor conditions in hospitals led to the need to protect healthcare workers, sparking unionization. Step 3: This movement influenced the unionization in American health care agencies and hospitals. Step 4: As a result, choice C is the correct answer. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as immigration laws did not directly influence the unionization movement in American healthcare. Choice B is incorrect as women entering the workforce, while significant, did not have the most influence on healthcare unionization. Choice D is incorrect as the exposure to diseases among nurses, while important, did not drive the overall movement for worker protection in healthcare during that time.