The ureteric bud in contact with the metanephric cap gives:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ureteric bud forms collecting tubules, minor/major calyces all urinary collecting structures via branching with the metanephric cap. 'All' reflects its full role, critical for kidney drainage, contrasting with partial calyceal focus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The urinary system doesn't preserve water-sugar balance regulates water, electrolytes, not glucose (e.g., PCT reabsorbs all glucose). Blood pressure maintenance via renin true. Metabolic waste excretion (urea) core function. Acid-base balance via H /HCO₃⁻ correct. Water-sugar misaligns glucose isn't urinary-regulated distinguishing it, key to urinary specificity, unlike established roles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Order is kidneys (production), ureters (transport), bladder (storage), urethra (excretion) e.g., anatomical flow. Urethra before bladder reverses impossible. Bladder first ignores production false. Correct sequence distinguishes it, key to urinary path, unlike disordered options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nephron is the kidney's functional unit filters, reabsorbs, secretes (e.g., ~1 million/kidney). Neurons are neural not renal. Sinusoids are liver not kidney. Trigone is bladder not functional unit. Nephron's role distinguishes it, key to kidney function, unlike unrelated structures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Urine = filtration – reabsorption + secretion e.g., 180 L filtered, 99% reabsorbed, waste added (1.8 L urine). Adding reabsorption increases volume false. Subtracting secretion removes waste wrong. Adding/subtracting reabsorption miscalculates illogical. Correct formula distinguishes it, key to urine composition, unlike additive or subtractive errors.