The upper third of the posterior surface of the kidney is related to

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Upper posterior kidney contacts the diaphragm not psoas, quadratus, or transversus (lower relations). This defines renal anatomy, key for surgical context, contrasting with lower muscles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Renal capsule (fibrous) encases kidney not cortex, hilum (entry), medulla, or pyramids (inner). This identifies protective layer, vital for structure, contrasting with regions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ureters use peristalsis to move urine not urethra (voiding), bladder (detrusor), or all. This specifies transport, critical for flow, contrasting with voiding structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephron is the functional unit not hilus (entry), corpuscle (part), or capsule (subset). This defines renal physiology, critical for function, contrasting with structural parts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Decreased BP triggers renin not increased BP, ACE (downstream), or diuretics (effect). This initiates RAAS, key for pressure regulation, contrasting with high-pressure states.