ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Question Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The triad of complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlarged posterior fossa is seen in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dandy-Walker malformation featurvermis agenesis, fourth ventricle cyst, and enlarged posterior fossa, per radiology texts. Corpus callosum agenesis affects midline; holoprosencephaly forebrain; hydranencephaly cortex loss. Triad specificity make B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A state of responsiveness to pain but not to other stimuli is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stupor is responsiveness to pain only, per neurology, with reduced arousal beyond lethargy or obtundation . Coma lacks response; consciousness full. Stupors definition makes C the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Hydrocephalus resulting from overproduction of CSF is seen in
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choroid plexus papilloma caushydrocephalus from CSF overproduction, per neurosurgery, as a rare tumor hypersecretfluid. Craniopharyngioma obstructs; aqueductal stenosis blocks; basilar impression compresses; Dandy-Walker malforms. Overproduction specificity makes C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 2-month-old infant is brought to the emergency room after experiencing a seizure. The infant appears lethargic with very irregular respirations and periods of apnea. The parents report the baby is no longer interested in feeding and, before the seizure, rolled off the couch. What additional testing should the nurse immediately prepare for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A CT scan of the head and eye dilation are critical for this 2-month-old with seizure, lethargy, apnea, and a fall, per pediatric trauma protocols. The fall suggests possible trauma, and CT quickly identifiintracranial hemorrhage or skull fracture, common in infants. Eye dilation checks for retinal hemorrhages, a hallmark of shaken baby syndrome (SBS), which aligns with seizure and lethargy in this age group. CT with EEG adds seizure monitoring but delays trauma assessment. Head X-rays miss soft tissue injury; long bone X-rays screen for abuse but arent immediate. SBS or traumas urgency, per AAP guidelines, makes A the correct answer, prioritizing rapid diagnosis of life-threatening conditions.
Question 5 of 5
A child has been diagnosed with a midline brain tumor. In addition to showing signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), she has been voiding large amounts of very dilute urine. Which medication dothe nurse expect to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vasopressin is expected for a midline brain tumor with increased ICP and dilute polyuria, per endocrinology texts. This suggests diabetinsipidus (DI) from pituitary/hypothalamic disruption, common in midline tumors (e.g., craniopharyngioma). Vasopressin replacdeficient ADH, reducing urine output and stabilizing fluid balance. Mannitol and Lasix treat ICP but worsen DI dehydration; dopamine supports BP, not DI. Bs specificity to DI, a frequent tumor complication, makes itthe correct answer, addressing the underlying pathophysiology.