The treatment of the antimuscarinic effects can be carried out with:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neostigmine. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the levels of acetylcholine, helping counteract antimuscarinic effects. By inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine enhances cholinergic transmission, thereby reversing the antimuscarinic effects. Summary: - B: Hexametonium is a ganglionic blocker used to reduce sympathetic activity, not to treat antimuscarinic effects. - C: Homatropine is an anticholinergic drug that would exacerbate antimuscarinic effects, not treat them. - D: Acetylcholine itself would not be effective in treating antimuscarinic effects as it would be rapidly degraded by acetylcholinesterase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phentolamine. Phentolamine is an imidazoline derivative and a potent competitive antagonist at both alpha1 and alpha2 receptors. It blocks the effects of norepinephrine at these receptors. Prazosin (A) is an alpha1 antagonist, Labetalol (B) is a non-selective alpha and beta blocker, and Phenoxybenzamine (C) is a non-selective irreversible alpha blocker. Therefore, Phentolamine is the only drug that fits the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three drugs listed (Flurazepam, Zaleplon, Triazolam) do not significantly alter hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. These drugs primarily act on GABA receptors in the central nervous system, rather than affecting hepatic enzymes. Therefore, they do not interfere with the metabolism of other drugs in the liver. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because all of them are hypnotic drugs that do not alter hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Barbiturates are used in status epilepticus due to their ability to significantly decrease oxygen utilization by the brain, which helps protect against cerebral edema and ischemia. This is crucial in managing the acute phase of seizures in infants and children. Option B is incorrect because barbiturates have a short onset but prolonged duration of action, making them unsuitable for rapid management. Option C is incorrect as barbiturates can disrupt normal sleep architecture due to their sedative effects. Therefore, the correct choice is A for its specific neuroprotective properties in the context of status epilepticus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Bromocriptine is a D2 receptor agonist. 2. Stimulation of D2 receptors helps alleviate Parkinson's symptoms. 3. Sinemet and Levodopa are dopamine precursors but not D2 agonists. 4. Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, not a D2 agonist. In summary, Bromocriptine directly activates D2 receptors, making it the correct choice for antiparkinsonian activity.