The treatment of Hirschsprung's disease typically involves:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: resecting the constricted segment. In Hirschsprung's disease, there is a lack of ganglion cells in the distal bowel causing a functional obstruction. The treatment involves surgically removing the affected segment to allow normal bowel function. Resecting the dilated segment (choice B) is not effective as the issue lies in the constricted area. Colectomy and ileostomy (choice C) is an extreme measure and is usually reserved for severe cases. Avoiding surgical intervention (choice D) is not recommended as it can lead to complications and worsen the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metabolic alkalosis. Vomiting causes loss of stomach acid (HCl), leading to an increase in blood pH and bicarbonate levels, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Choice A is incorrect because vomiting does not lead to an increase in acid levels. Choices C and D are incorrect as they are related to respiratory disorders, not directly caused by vomiting. In summary, vomiting leads to metabolic alkalosis due to loss of stomach acid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist that acts on the gut to slow down intestinal motility. This results in the slowed transit of intestinal contents, similar to how morphine works. This helps in alleviating diarrhea. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choices B and C are incorrect because loperamide and morphine do not cause more rapid gastric emptying or increased colonic secretion of chloride ion. Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer has been explained.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Water absorption and feces formation. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the undigested food material and form feces. This process helps in maintaining the body's water balance and producing solid waste for excretion. The large intestine does not primarily absorb nutrients like the small intestine (Choice A), nor does it digest proteins (Choice D). Choice B is irrelevant and does not describe the main function of the large intestine in digestion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate initial question is C: "Do you have any difficulty in preparing or eating food?" This question directly assesses the patient's ability to obtain and consume food, which is crucial in determining malnutrition risk. By asking about difficulties in food preparation and eating, the nurse can identify any physical or cognitive impairments that may impact the patient's nutritional intake. A: "How do you get to the store to buy your food?" is irrelevant to assessing malnutrition risk and does not directly address the patient's ability to eat. B: "Can you tell me the food that you ate yesterday?" does not assess the patient's current ability to obtain and consume food. D: "Are you taking any medications that alter your taste for food?" is important but not as crucial as assessing the patient's ability to prepare and eat food.