ATI RN
Nursing Care of Pediatrics Respiratory Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The treatment of choice for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is B) systemic corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for IPH because they help reduce inflammation in the lungs and suppress the immune response that leads to hemosiderin deposition. Corticosteroids also help to improve lung function and reduce the severity of symptoms in patients with IPH. Transfusion of blood products (option A) is not the treatment of choice for IPH because it does not address the underlying cause of the disease, which is inflammation and immune dysregulation in the lungs. Cyclophosphamide (option C) is sometimes used in severe cases of IPH that do not respond to corticosteroids, but it is not typically the first-line treatment due to its potential side effects and toxicity. Lung transplantation (option D) is considered in very severe cases of IPH where other treatments have failed, but it is not the initial treatment of choice due to the risks associated with transplantation and the availability of other effective treatment options. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the treatment of IPH is crucial for nursing care of pediatric patients with respiratory disorders. It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the appropriate treatments for different respiratory conditions to provide effective care and improve patient outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
The etiology of wheezing in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may be due to all the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is a chronic lung disease that affects premature infants, wheezing can occur due to various underlying factors. The correct answer, option D) Airway malacia, is not typically associated with the etiology of wheezing in BPD. Option A) lower airway inflammation is a common feature of BPD and can contribute to wheezing. Option B) bronchial smooth muscle irritation can also lead to wheezing in BPD as the airways are hyper-reactive. Option C) intraluminal exudate, which refers to the accumulation of fluid or pus within the airway, can further contribute to airway obstruction and wheezing in BPD. Educationally, understanding the etiology of wheezing in BPD is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the contributing factors can guide appropriate interventions and treatment strategies to manage symptoms effectively. By differentiating between potential causes of wheezing, nurses can provide targeted and individualized care to improve respiratory outcomes in infants with BPD.
Question 3 of 5
An infant with intussusception has sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain; the infant’s knees draw up, and the infant cries out and exhibits pallor with a colicky pattern occurring every 15 to 20 minutes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Colicky pattern occurring every 15 to 20 minutes. In the case of intussusception, this symptom is significant because it is a classic presentation of this condition in infants. Intussusception is a medical emergency where one portion of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and impaired blood flow. The colicky pattern of pain is due to the intermittent constriction of the intestine, leading to the characteristic episodes of pain every 15 to 20 minutes. Option A (Sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain) is a general symptom seen in many abdominal conditions and does not specifically point towards intussusception. Option B (Knees draw up) is a non-specific sign that can occur with various abdominal issues and is not unique to intussusception. Option C (Cries out and exhibits pallor) is also non-specific and can be seen in many painful conditions, not exclusive to intussusception. Understanding the specific clinical manifestations of pediatric respiratory disorders like intussusception is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the unique signs and symptoms can lead to prompt diagnosis and intervention, potentially preventing complications and improving patient outcomes. Regular review and understanding of these key indicators through tools like quizzes can help reinforce this knowledge and enhance nursing care in pediatric settings.
Question 4 of 5
The Alvarado/MANTRELS rule is scored by 1 point for each of the following: migration of pain to the right lower quadrant, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, rebound pain, temperature of at least 37.3°C, and WBC shift to greater than 75% neutrophils; 2 points are given for each of tenderness in the right lower quadrant and leukocytosis greater than 10,000/cmm. Children with a score of 4 or less are unlikely to have appendicitis; a score of 7 or greater increases the likelihood that the patient has appendicitis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Tenderness in the right lower quadrant and leukocytosis greater than 10,000/cmm. This answer aligns with the scoring criteria of the Alvarado/MANTRELS rule for assessing the likelihood of appendicitis in children. Tenderness in the right lower quadrant and leukocytosis greater than 10,000/cmm are assigned 2 points each in the scoring system, indicating a higher predictive value for appendicitis. Option A) Migration of pain to the right lower quadrant, option B) Anorexia, nausea/vomiting, rebound pain, and option C) Temperature of at least 37.3°C, WBC shift to greater than 75% neutrophils are all assigned 1 point in the scoring system. While these symptoms may be present in appendicitis, they do not carry as much weight in the diagnostic scoring as tenderness in the right lower quadrant and leukocytosis greater than 10,000/cmm. In an educational context, understanding the Alvarado/MANTRELS rule is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with pediatric patients presenting with symptoms of appendicitis. This rule provides a structured approach to assessing the likelihood of appendicitis based on specific clinical criteria, guiding healthcare providers in making informed decisions about further diagnostic testing and treatment interventions.
Question 5 of 5
The acceptable O2 saturation depends on the patient and clinical situation. Generally, supplemental O2 should be administered to achieve goal saturation level above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric respiratory care, maintaining optimal oxygen saturation levels is crucial for adequate tissue oxygenation. The correct answer, option D (93%), is based on the understanding that pediatric patients, especially those with respiratory disorders, require higher oxygen saturation levels compared to adults. Children have higher metabolic rates and lower oxygen reserves, making them more susceptible to hypoxemia. Choosing option A (80%) or B (85%) would not provide adequate oxygenation for pediatric patients as these levels are generally considered too low and may lead to hypoxemia. Option C (90%) is closer to the correct answer but may still not be sufficient for some pediatric patients, especially those with respiratory compromise. Educationally, understanding the appropriate oxygen saturation levels in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children with respiratory disorders. This knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care, preventing complications related to hypoxemia, and promoting positive patient outcomes. It is important to remember that individual patient factors and clinical conditions should also be considered when determining the appropriate oxygen saturation goal.