The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% is called:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Half-life. Half-life is the time taken for the drug concentration in the body to reduce by 50%. This is a fundamental pharmacokinetic parameter used to determine dosing intervals. Steady state (A) refers to when drug input equals drug elimination, Phase II metabolism (C) is a type of drug metabolism, and Reduced bioavailability time (D) does not accurately describe the concept of drug elimination. In summary, half-life is the specific term that quantifies the rate of drug elimination in the body, making it the correct answer in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A rich blood supply to the area of absorption leads to better absorption. A rich blood supply enhances drug absorption by allowing for faster diffusion of the drug into the bloodstream. This is because a greater blood flow increases the concentration gradient, facilitating quicker absorption. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: The statement that the smaller the surface area for absorption, the more rapidly the drug is absorbed is incorrect. Larger surface area typically leads to faster absorption due to increased contact with absorbing surfaces. C: The statement that the less soluble the drug, the more easily it is absorbed is incorrect. Solubility affects dissolution, not absorption. D: The statement that ionized drugs are easily absorbed across the cell membrane is incorrect. Ionized drugs have lower permeability across cell membranes compared to non-ionized drugs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: After four to five half-lives. Steady state is achieved when the rate of drug intake equals the rate of drug elimination, typically after 4-5 half-lives. This ensures a consistent drug level in the body. Choice A is too soon for steady state. Choice C focuses on the patient's perception, not drug kinetics. Choice D is too specific and not a general rule for all drugs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). It clearly states the goal of independently self-administering the prescribed dose of albuterol by the end of the second teaching session. This goal is clear and concrete, allowing for easy evaluation of progress. Choice A is not the best because it lacks specificity regarding independence. Choice B lacks the clarity of when the goal should be achieved. Choice D is irrelevant to the specific task of self-administering albuterol. In summary, choice C is the best goal statement as it meets the criteria of a well-defined and achievable goal in collaboration with the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Development of a patient relationship/family engagement. The Nursing Alliance for Quality Care aims to promote patient-centered care, which includes building strong relationships with patients and engaging their families in the care process. This approach leads to better health outcomes and patient satisfaction. Choice A focuses on medication safety, which is important but not the primary goal of the alliance. Choice B highlights confidentiality, which is crucial but doesn't capture the alliance's main focus. Choice D emphasizes patient independence within the family, which is not directly related to the alliance's goal of patient-centered care.