ATI RN
Free Pediatric CCRN Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The thymus gland role with the immune system is which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thymus gland plays a crucial role in the immune system as it is primarily responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes (T cells). T cells are essential for cell-mediated immunity and play a key role in recognizing and attacking pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. The thymus is where immature T cells mature and undergo education to ensure they can distinguish between self and non-self antigens effectively. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system to protect the body from infections and diseases.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with AIDS about complications of the disease. Which of the following is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with AIDS. PCP is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii). Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. This infection can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with appropriate antibiotics. Symptoms of PCP include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Early recognition and treatment of PCP are crucial in patients with AIDS to prevent severe complications.
Question 3 of 5
During a routine check-up, the nurse evaluates a client with rheumatoid arthritis. To assess for the most obvious disease manifestations first, the nurse checks for:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When evaluating a client with rheumatoid arthritis, the nurse should check for joint abnormalities first because it is the most obvious manifestation of the disease. Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and potentially deformity over time. Assessing for joint abnormalities can provide crucial information about the severity and progression of the disease, guiding further assessment and intervention plans. Muscle weakness, painful subcutaneous nodules, and gait disturbances can also be present in rheumatoid arthritis, but joint abnormalities are the hallmark feature that should be assessed initially.
Question 4 of 5
A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that adaptive immunity is provide by which type of white blood cell?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes are the type of white blood cells that provide adaptive immunity. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that can specifically recognize and target certain pathogens (including HIV), while T cells have various functions in the immune response, such as directly killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. Adaptive immunity is characterized by the body's ability to remember specific pathogens and mount a targeted response upon subsequent exposures. In the context of HIV and AIDS, understanding the role of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity is essential for the client to comprehend how the virus affects the immune system and why immune function becomes compromised over time.
Question 5 of 5
In teaching a female client who is HIV positive about pregnancy, the nurse would know more teaching is necessary when the client says:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A indicates a misunderstanding about HIV transmission during pregnancy. In reality, with proper medical care and management during pregnancy and delivery, the risk of transmitting HIV from mother to baby can be significantly reduced but not completely eliminated. The virus can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, but it is not directly from the placenta. This misconception highlights the need for further education and clarification on the modes of HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. Options B, C, and D all demonstrate understanding and appropriate planning related to HIV and pregnancy.