The three antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are of most current concern in North America are ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) All of the above. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are the three antibiotic-resistant bacteria of most current concern in North America. MRSA is a common cause of skin infections and can lead to severe complications. CRE is a group of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics, posing a serious threat in healthcare settings. VRE is a significant concern as it can cause infections in the bloodstream, urinary tract, and wounds. The incorrect options can be explained as follows: - Option A (MRSA) is a correct antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is not the only correct answer. - Option B (CRE) is also a correct antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is not the only correct answer. - Option C (VRE) is another correct antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so it is not the only correct answer. Understanding antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial in pharmacology as it impacts treatment decisions, infection control practices, and public health efforts. Knowing the most concerning bacteria helps healthcare providers tailor treatment strategies and preventive measures to combat these infections effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the highest priority for a patient with advanced AIDS experiencing impaired memory due to neurological changes is to maintain a safe patient environment, which is option A. This choice takes precedence because ensuring the safety of the patient is fundamental and critical in all care settings. Option B, providing a quiet and non-stressful environment, is important for the patient's comfort but does not address the immediate safety concerns that could arise from memory impairment. Option C, using memory cues like calendars and clocks, and option D, providing written instructions, are helpful interventions to promote orientation and understanding, but they are secondary to ensuring the patient's safety. Educationally, understanding prioritization in nursing care is crucial. In this case, the rationale behind choosing the answer that addresses the most critical and immediate need highlights the significance of triaging patient care based on the urgency and potential impact on the patient's well-being. Prioritizing safety in care planning is a foundational principle in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Meningeal sarcoma. Meningeal sarcoma is a tumor that arises from the embryonal mesoderm tissue located in the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It exhibits malignant behavior, meaning it has the potential to invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Option A) Meningitis is incorrect because it is not a tumor but rather an inflammation of the meninges usually caused by an infection. Option B) Meningioma is a benign tumor that arises from the meninges, not a malignant sarcoma. Option C) Meningocele is a protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column, not a tumor arising from mesodermal tissue. Understanding the different types of tumors that can arise in the meninges is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those involved in diagnosing and treating neurological conditions. Recognizing the characteristics and behavior of these tumors can guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a patient with cancer about chemotherapy, the nurse should take approach B: Explain that antiemetics, antidiarrheals, and analgesics will be provided as needed to control side effects. This approach is correct because it addresses the patient's concerns about potential side effects and provides reassurance that supportive care will be available. Option A is incorrect because withholding information about possible side effects can lead to increased anxiety and fear in the patient. Providing honest and thorough information is essential in empowering patients to make informed decisions about their care. Option C is incorrect because some side effects of chemotherapy can indeed be life-threatening, such as severe infections or allergic reactions. It is important for the patient to be aware of potential serious side effects and how to seek help if they occur. Option D is incorrect because while chemotherapy-induced alopecia can be distressing, it is usually temporary rather than permanent. Misinforming the patient about the permanence of alopecia can cause unnecessary anxiety and distress. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and comprehensive information to patients undergoing chemotherapy. By addressing potential side effects and reassuring patients about available supportive measures, nurses can help alleviate anxiety and promote patient understanding and adherence to treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Obtain a detailed pain history including quality, location, intensity, duration, and type of pain. This option is the most appropriate because before addressing the patient's fear of opioid addiction, it is essential for the nurse to gather comprehensive information about the patient's pain experience. Understanding the nature of the pain, its characteristics, and how it impacts the patient is crucial in developing an effective pain management plan. Option A is incorrect because administering a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may not be the most suitable or effective intervention without a thorough assessment of the pain. Option B is incorrect because while assessing vital signs and behavior is important, it is secondary to obtaining a detailed pain history in this situation. Option C is incorrect as asking the patient to keep a pain diary primarily to assess potential addiction overlooks the immediate need to address the patient's pain and concerns about opioid use. From an educational perspective, this question highlights the significance of a systematic and holistic approach to pain management in patients with advanced cancer. By prioritizing the assessment of pain through a detailed history, nurses can tailor interventions to address both the physical and psychological aspects of pain, including concerns about opioid addiction. This rationale underscores the importance of individualized care and the need to address patient fears and misconceptions in a compassionate and evidence-based manner.