The theorist who believes human behavior is influenced by culture is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care nursing, understanding the influence of culture on human behavior is crucial for providing culturally competent care. Lev Vygotsky, the correct answer (C), is a developmental psychologist known for his sociocultural theory which emphasizes the impact of culture on cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that individuals learn and develop within a cultural context, where social interactions and cultural tools shape their understanding of the world. Sigmund Freud (A) is known for psychoanalytic theory which focuses on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, rather than culture's influence on behavior. Carl Rogers (B) is associated with person-centered therapy, emphasizing empathy and unconditional positive regard in therapy, but not specifically addressing culture's role in behavior. Erik Erikson (D) is known for his psychosocial stages of development, which highlight social interactions but do not focus explicitly on cultural influences. In a family-centered care nursing context, understanding Vygotsky's perspective can help nurses recognize how cultural beliefs, values, and practices impact patients' health behaviors, decision-making, and responses to illness. By acknowledging and respecting cultural diversity, nurses can tailor care plans that are sensitive to individual and family needs, ultimately promoting better health outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care nursing, understanding the stages of child development is crucial for providing holistic care. The correct answer is B) Oral. Sucking and biting are behaviors associated with the oral stage of development according to Freud's psychosexual theory. During this stage, infants explore the world through their mouths, which is a natural part of their development. Option A) Anal is incorrect because it pertains to the stage where children focus on toilet training and control over bodily functions, not sucking and biting behaviors. Option C) Genital is incorrect as it refers to the stage where sexual desires become conscious and are directed towards others, not related to infantile behaviors like sucking and biting. Option D) Latency is also incorrect as it represents a period of relative calm between the phallic stage and the onset of puberty, where sexual impulses are suppressed. It is important for nurses to be familiar with these developmental stages to better understand and support the needs of children and families in their care, promoting a family-centered approach to nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care nursing, confidence plays a crucial role in establishing trust and rapport with patients and their families. Option C, "Walking in not having to compare yourself to anyone at all," is the correct answer because true confidence in a healthcare setting comes from within and does not rely on comparison to others. Nurses who embody this kind of confidence are better equipped to focus on the needs of the family, communicate effectively, and provide holistic care. Option A, "Walking into a room thinking you are better than everyone around," is incorrect because this reflects arrogance and superiority, which are detrimental to building therapeutic relationships. Nursing is a profession centered on humility, empathy, and respect for all individuals. Option B, "Saying positive about yourself to other people," is also incorrect as true confidence does not stem from seeking validation or approval from others. While positive self-talk and self-affirmation can be beneficial, genuine confidence is rooted in self-awareness and self-acceptance. Option D, "Saying positive things about yourself to yourself," is not as effective in a family-centered care nursing context because confidence should extend beyond internal dialogue to impact external interactions with patients and families. It is important for nurses to demonstrate confidence through their actions, words, and demeanor to inspire trust and create a supportive environment for those in their care. Educationally, understanding the nuances of confidence in nursing practice is essential for students and healthcare professionals alike. By emphasizing the importance of self-assurance without comparison, nurses can cultivate a mindset that prioritizes empathy, collaboration, and patient-centered care. Confidence, when approached in a humble and authentic manner, can enhance the quality of nursing care and contribute to positive outcomes for patients and their families.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care nursing, understanding child development, including the emergence of sex role consistent behavior, is crucial for providing holistic care. The correct answer is C) 3 years. At around this age, children typically start to demonstrate behaviors, preferences, and activities that align with societal gender norms and expectations. They may exhibit an interest in gender-specific toys, activities, and roles, influenced by socialization and environmental factors. Option A) 0-3 months is incorrect because infants at this age do not have the cognitive or social development to display sex role consistent behavior. Their behaviors are primarily driven by basic needs and reflexes. Option B) 5 years is incorrect as children at this age typically have a more established sense of gender identity and may already have been displaying sex role consistent behavior for a few years. By age 5, many children have already internalized societal gender norms to some extent. Option D) 18-24 months is incorrect because although toddlers at this age are starting to develop a sense of self and independence, they are usually still in the early stages of understanding gender roles and may not consistently exhibit sex role behaviors. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and respecting children's emerging identities and behaviors within the family-centered care framework. Nurses need to be sensitive to these developmental milestones to provide culturally competent and supportive care to children and their families. Understanding when children typically begin to display sex role consistent behavior can help nurses promote healthy identity development and support families in nurturing their children's individuality.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care nursing, understanding gender roles is crucial for providing comprehensive and culturally sensitive care to individuals and families. The correct answer, option A, "The rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of men and women," is the most appropriate because it encompasses the broad spectrum of societal norms and expectations placed on individuals based on their gender. Option B, "Gender schema," refers to the cognitive structures that shape an individual's understanding of gender, which is more of a psychological concept rather than directly related to gender roles in the context of family-centered care nursing. Option C, "The subordination of women based on the assumption of superiority of men," is a description of gender inequality and not a definition of gender roles. Option D, "Gender stereotypes," are oversimplified generalizations about the characteristics of men and women, which can be harmful but do not fully capture the complexity of gender roles. In the educational context of family-centered care nursing, understanding gender roles helps nurses recognize and respect diverse perspectives within families, tailoring care plans to meet the unique needs of each individual. By acknowledging and addressing gender roles, nurses can promote inclusivity, equity, and effective communication in their practice, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and satisfaction.