ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
The term wisdom tooth refers to the _____ tooth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: third molar. Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the back of the mouth. They typically erupt in late teens or early twenties. Incisors (A) are front teeth for cutting, second bicuspids (C) help with chewing, and first cuspids (D) are also known as canines for tearing food. The key is understanding dental anatomy and the specific location/function of each tooth type.
Question 2 of 5
The finger-like extensions inside the small intestine are called _____ and increase the surface area.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: villi. Villi are finger-like projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. They contain blood vessels and lacteals. Microvilli (A) are tiny projections on the surface of villi that further increase surface area. Lacteals (C) are lymphatic vessels within villi that absorb fats. Lumens (D) refer to the inner space of a tubular structure and are not the finger-like extensions inside the small intestine.
Question 3 of 5
The process of breaking down food into simpler molecules is known as _____.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into simpler molecules through mechanical and chemical means in the digestive system. It involves the breakdown of complex nutrients into smaller components for absorption. Absorption (A) is the process of taking in nutrients into the bloodstream, not breaking down food. Ingestion (C) is the act of consuming food, not breaking it down. Secretion (D) is the release of enzymes and fluids involved in digestion, not the process of breaking down food itself.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse admits a client to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased serum amylase. In acute pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed and releases enzymes like amylase into the bloodstream. Amylase levels rise significantly in this condition. Elevated serum amylase is a key diagnostic marker for acute pancreatitis. A: Decreased WBC - This is not a typical finding in acute pancreatitis. Inflammation in the pancreas usually leads to an increased WBC count. C: Decreased serum lipase - Lipase levels actually increase in acute pancreatitis along with amylase. Both are important diagnostic markers. D: Increased serum calcium - While hypercalcemia can occur in severe pancreatitis, it is not as specific or sensitive as elevated amylase levels in diagnosing acute pancreatitis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is to start receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Change the TPN tubing every 48 hr. This is essential to prevent bacterial growth and infection, maintaining the integrity of the TPN solution. Regular tubing changes reduce the risk of contamination and ensure patient safety. A: Using a 1.2 micron filter is not directly related to tubing changes and is not a primary concern for TPN administration. B: Allowing 18 hr for lipids to infuse is not a standard practice and does not address the need for tubing changes. C: Changing the TPN solution after 36 hr is not a standard guideline and may not be necessary unless specific factors indicate a need for a change.