ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: azotemia. Azotemia refers to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, indicating a buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Oliguria (A) is a decrease in urine output, not specifically related to BUN and creatinine levels. Acute kidney injury (C) is a broader term that includes various causes of kidney dysfunction, not specific to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Prerenal disease (D) typically refers to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function, but it does not specifically indicate elevated BUN and creatinine levels.
Question 2 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. A reliable 24-hour urine collection is the gold standard for determining GFR or creatinine clearance. 2. If not possible, a standardized formula like CKD-EPI equation can estimate GFR using serum creatinine. 3. This formula takes into account age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level. 4. Option A is incorrect as alternative methods like formulas can still estimate GFR. 5. Option B is incorrect because BUN does not directly correlate with GFR. 6. Option C is incorrect as BUN/creatinine ratio is not a direct measure of GFR.
Question 3 of 5
Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake. The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg. This morning it is 99 kg. The nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: fluid retention of 1.5 liters. The weight gain of 1.5 kg (99 kg - 97.5 kg) indicates fluid retention. This is because 1 kg of weight gain is roughly equivalent to 1 liter of fluid retention. Therefore, a weight gain of 1.5 kg corresponds to fluid retention of 1.5 liters. Choice B is incorrect because a weight gain indicates fluid retention, not fluid loss. Choice C is incorrect as it implies equal intake and output, which is not the case here. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests fluid loss, which contradicts the weight gain observed.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing care for several patients who are at risk for
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the daily use of antacids can lead to metabolic alkalosis, which increases the risk for respiratory acidosis. Antacids can cause the body to retain bicarbonate, leading to an imbalance in the acid-base levels. This can result in hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis. Choices A and B are incorrect as they are not related to the question. Choice C is incorrect as anxiety disorder does not directly contribute to respiratory acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is admitting a 72-year-old patient from the health care provider's office to the medical/surgical unit. The patient was alert until recently and has
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the manifestations described in the answer choice are indicative of potential complications in the patient's health status. Elevated pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure suggest physiological stress. Distended neck veins may indicate fluid overload or heart failure. Pale, cool skin can imply poor perfusion. Weight loss could suggest malnutrition. Bilateral rhonchi indicate respiratory issues. Increased heart rate and weak, thready pulse may indicate inadequate cardiac output. Hyperactive bowel sounds could indicate gastrointestinal distress. Deep respirations may suggest metabolic acidosis. Pitting edema of lower extremities may indicate fluid retention or heart failure. Therefore, option B encompasses a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition, reflecting potential underlying issues that need to be addressed. Other choices do not provide a comprehensive assessment or do not address the patient's current health status.