The term hypercapnia refers to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Understand the term - Hypercapnia means increased levels of CO2 in the blood. Step 2: Elevated PCO2 directly relates to increased CO2 levels. Step 3: This condition can lead to respiratory issues due to excess CO2. Step 4: Therefore, choice B, elevated PCO2, is the correct answer. Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as hypercapnia specifically refers to increased CO2 levels, not the cessation of breathing, elevated PO2, or an increase in pH.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regular physical activity. Physical activity is recommended for individuals with heart failure as it can help improve cardiovascular health, strengthen the heart muscle, and enhance overall well-being. Exercise can also help manage symptoms of heart failure and improve quality of life. The other choices are incorrect: A: Sedentary lifestyle can worsen heart failure symptoms and lead to deconditioning. B: Smoking is harmful for heart health and can exacerbate heart failure. D: Excessive alcohol consumption can weaken the heart muscle and contribute to heart failure complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 13cm. The human pharynx is typically around 13cm in length. This length allows for the proper passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. Choice B (12cm) is incorrect as it is slightly shorter than the average length of the pharynx. Choice C (5 inches) is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the standard unit of measurement for medical lengths. Choice D (both a and c) is incorrect as 12cm and 5 inches are not equivalent lengths for the pharynx.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Amantadine is an antiviral medication effective against type A influenza virus. 2. By taking it within 48 hours of exposure, it can lessen flu symptoms by inhibiting viral replication. 3. It does not prevent pneumonia or avian flu specifically. 4. It is not used for reducing bronchitis irritation. Summary: Amantadine is specifically used to reduce the severity of type A flu symptoms when taken within 48 hours of exposure. It is not for prevention of viral pneumonia, avian flu, or bronchitis irritation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Step 2: This reaction forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Step 3: Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+). Step 4: Therefore, the ion formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 and H2O is the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). Summary: - Choice A (Sodium ion) is incorrect as it is not involved in the reaction with carbonic anhydrase. - Choice C (Hydroxide ion) is incorrect as it is not a product of the reaction but rather a different compound. - Choice D (Potassium ion) is incorrect as it is not related to the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.