The term Fetal Uropathy relates to

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fetal uropathy typically denotes posterior urethral valve (PUV) obstructs fetal bladder outflow, causing hydronephrosis. Renal agenesis is lethal broader term. VUR is reflux, not primary obstruction secondary. Exstrophy is structural distinct. PUV's obstructive impact distinguishes it, key to fetal urinary pathology, unlike agenesis, reflux, or malformation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to peritubular capillaries/vasa recta, not those vessels or interlobular vein (later drainage). This distinguishes glomerular outflow, vital for filtration dynamics, contrasting with downstream vessels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Average urine output is 1.5 L/day (varies 1-2 L), not 12 L (excessive), 100 mL (too low), or 3 L (high). This measures excretory output, vital for fluid balance, contrasting with extremes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aldosterone boosts sodium reabsorption in DCT/collecting duct, not elimination, potassium (excreted), or chloride (follows). This defines aldosterone's role, vital for blood volume, contrasting with opposite effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parallel vasa recta/loop of Henle cause pyramid striations, not microtubules, connective tissue, or nerves. This explains medullary appearance, vital for countercurrent, contrasting with other tissues.