The TCR signaling module leading to transcription

Question 1 of 5

The TCR signaling module leading to transcription factor activation is dependent on the enzyme phospholipase-C-Î³ (PLC-Î³). The mechanism by which PLC-Î³ activates multiple transcription factors is by:

A. Generating two small second messengers that act on multiple target proteins in the T cell B. Directly cleaving inhibitory subunits of multiple transcription factors, thereby releasing the active transcription factors C. Generating two small second messengers that diffuse to the nucleus and activate transcription factors present there D. Generating two small second messengers that act as chaperones to promote nuclear localization of transcription factors

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: PLC-Î³ produces IP3 and DAG , activating transcription factors; not direct cleavage , nuclear diffusion , or chaperones .

Question 2 of 5

Which of the following distinguishes the secondary immune response from the primary immune response?

A. The primary response is specific; the secondary one is not B. The secondary response is faster and stronger C. The primary response involves B cells; the secondary one involves T cells D. The secondary response allows additional antigens to be recognized faster

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The secondary response, driven by memory cells, is faster and stronger than the primary, both being specific and involving B/T cells.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following innate immune response statements is false?

A. Surface receptors of innate immune cells recognise pathogen molecular patterns B. Results in the production of pathogen-specific antibodies and long-term memory C. Innate immunity enables rapid/immediate response to invading pathogens D. Includes internal defences such as phagocytosis of invading pathogens by innate immune cells

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Innate immunity is rapid and nonspecific, involving receptors and phagocytosis, but does not produce specific antibodies or memory, which are adaptive immunity features.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the statements below is a consequence of MHC1 antigen presentation?

A. Leads to the activation of CD8+ T cells B. Enhances macrophage activation during viral infections C. Enhances macrophage activation during bacterial infections D. None of the above

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: MHC1 presents to CD8+ T cells, activating them against intracellular pathogens, not directly enhancing macrophages.

Question 5 of 5

During positive selection, a weak interaction between an immature T cell receptor and self MHC:

A. Is favourable, as it ensures the compatibility necessary for antigen presentation B. Results in T cell apoptosis C. Prevents the development of autoimmunity D. None of the above as only mature T cells undergo positive selection

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Weak TCR-MHC binding during positive selection ensures T cells can recognize self-MHC, surviving to mature.

The TCR signaling module leading to transcription factor activation is dependent on the enzyme phospholipase-C-Î³ (PLC-Î³). The mechanism by which PLC-Î³ activates multiple transcription factors is by:

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