ATI RN
Questions About the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The systemic circulation includes all of the following structures except one. Which is the exception?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Systemic circulation involves blood flow from the heart to the body (excluding lungs) and back, including the aorta (A), femoral vein (B), and superior vena cava (C). The pulmonary vein (D) belongs to pulmonary circulation, carrying oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium, making it the exception.
Question 2 of 5
Define artherosclerosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of arterial walls (A) due to plaque buildup. It doesn’t harden the heart (B), destroy cells (C), or solely inflame walls (D; inflammation is a factor, not the definition).
Question 3 of 5
During ventricular systole, the atria are ___ the ventricles are ___ the AV valves are ___ and the SL valves are ___
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During ventricular systole, atria relax, ventricles contract, AV valves close (S₁), and SL valves open (C) to eject blood. B is atrial systole, A/D mismatch phases.
Question 4 of 5
The layer of blood vessels consisting of an endothelial layer with a basement membrane is the tunica:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The tunica interna (C), or intima, is the innermost layer with endothelium and basement membrane. Arterioles (A) are vessels, externa (B) is outer, and media (D) is muscular.
Question 5 of 5
If the diameter of a blood vessel decreases, then the resistance will ___, thus blood pressure will ___
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Per Poiseuille’s law, decreased diameter increases resistance (C, ∝ 1/r⁴), raising BP if flow is constant. A, B, D mismatch resistance-BP relationship.