The surgical mask the perioperative nurse is wearing becomes moist. Which action will the perioperative nurse take next?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply a new mask. When a surgical mask becomes moist, it loses its effectiveness in filtering out particles and bacteria. Applying a new mask ensures proper protection for the nurse and the patient. Reapplying a moist mask after it air-dries is not recommended as it may still harbor bacteria. Changing the mask when relieved by the next shift may lead to prolonged exposure to contaminants. Continuing to wear a moist mask, even if the nurse is comfortable, compromises safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hepatitis A is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, typically through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces. This mode of transmission distinguishes it from other types of hepatitis, such as Hepatitis B or C, which are bloodborne.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An infection is defined as a disease state caused by the presence and growth of pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) in or on the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nosocomial infection is acquired in a healthcare setting, such as MRSA post-surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: These are pathways through which microorganisms leave the host, defining them as portals of exit in the chain of infection.