ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Quiz Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The substance in the blood that helps to maintain the osmotic pressure is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasma proteins (e.g., albumin) maintain colloid osmotic pressure (about 25 mmHg), drawing fluid back into capillaries. Lipids and vitamins have minimal osmotic roles, and histamine affects permeability, not pressure.
Question 2 of 5
Bob has a hemoglobin measurement of 15 g per 100 mL (or 1 dL) of blood. This is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal hemoglobin levels are 13.5-17.5 g/dL for men and 12-15.5 g/dL for women. Assuming Bob is male (typical default in such questions), 15 g/dL is within normal limits; if female, it’s still normal.
Question 3 of 5
Leukocytes and platelets compose about what fraction of the blood volume?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leukocytes and platelets form ~1% of blood volume; RBCs (formed elements) are ~45%, and plasma is ~55%. The combined fraction is small due to their low numbers relative to RBCs.
Question 4 of 5
This about second heart sound is incorrect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The second heart sound (S₂) results from semilunar valve closure (aortic and pulmonary) at the start of diastole and can split due to asynchronous closure (A and C are true). S₁ (AV valve closure) is longer and lower-pitched (~0.14s) than S₂ (~0.11s), making D incorrect as S₂ is shorter, not longer.
Question 5 of 5
A client has undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the management of acute coronary syndrome. Following the procedure, the client develops a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Which of the following nursing interventions is necessary if this occurs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retroperitoneal hemorrhage post-PCI requires notifying the provider and preparing for a CT scan or blood transfusion (D) to diagnose and treat bleeding, which can cause hypotension. Intubation (A) is unrelated, ambulation (B) worsens bleeding, and back pressure (C) is ineffective for internal hemorrhage. (Source: Document, p. 8-9)