The substance called sebum is commonly known as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: skin oil. Sebum is a waxy, oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Regular sweat (option A) is produced by sweat glands and is primarily composed of water and electrolytes. Milk (option B) is produced by mammary glands in mammals. Odiferous sweat (option D) refers to sweat that may have a strong odor due to bacterial activity, not sebum. Therefore, the correct term for the substance produced by the sebaceous glands is skin oil, making option C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Central adiposity refers to fat accumulation around the abdomen, which is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders like heart disease and stroke. The excess fat in this area can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, contributing to cardiovascular issues. Liver diseases are more closely associated with visceral fat accumulation, not specifically central adiposity. Lung diseases and reproductive illnesses are not directly linked to central adiposity. Therefore, choice A is correct due to the established connection between central adiposity and cardiovascular disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer as it originates in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It has the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. Melanoma has a high mortality rate compared to other types of skin cancer. A: Melanosome is incorrect as it refers to the cellular organelles responsible for producing and storing melanin. B: Metastasis is incorrect as it refers to the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. C: Cyanosis is incorrect as it is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the epidermis. The epidermis is not an accessory structure of the skin; it is the outermost layer of the skin responsible for protection. Lamellar corpuscles, sweat glands, and hair follicles are accessory structures because they are not part of the main structure of the skin but serve specific functions like detecting pressure, producing sweat, and generating hair respectively. The epidermis is essential for skin integrity, while the accessory structures play roles in sensory perception and temperature regulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B - the client who has just arrived from the emergency department with facial burns associated with a house fire. This client should be assessed first because facial burns can compromise the airway and breathing, posing an immediate threat to life. As a nurse, ensuring adequate airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) is a top priority in emergency situations. Option A may seem urgent due to the severe leg pain, but deep partial-thickness burns do not immediately jeopardize airway or breathing. Option C, while important, involves a client who has already received treatment and is not currently in an acute life-threatening situation. Option D, the client waiting for discharge teaching, is the least urgent as their condition has been stable for weeks. Educationally, this question highlights the critical thinking needed in prioritizing care based on the acuity of the situation. Understanding the immediate threats posed by certain conditions, such as facial burns and potential airway compromise, is crucial for nurses working in emergency or critical care settings. It reinforces the importance of ABC assessments and quick decision-making in prioritizing care to ensure the best outcomes for patients.