ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The study of choice in any of the following conditions (focal neurological deficits, alteration in level of consciousness, or chronic progressive headache pattern) is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRI is the study of choice for focal deficits, altered consciousness, or chronic headaches, per AAN, due to superior detail of brain parenchyma, ischemia, or masses. CT is faster for acute hemorrhage; X-ray skeletal; EEG seizures; LP infection. MRIs resolution make B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The duration of anticonvulsant treatment variaccording to seizure type and epilepsy syndrome. For most children, anticonvulsant medications can be weaned off after 2 years without seizures. Of the following, the condition that usually require treatment for life is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) often requirlifelong treatment, per ILAE, with high relapse (>80%) off medication due to genetic myoclonic susceptibility. Simple and complex partial may remit; spasms resolve; Landau-Kleffner variable. JMpersistence makes C the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Cranial nerve variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome is called Miller Fisher variant; it is manifested with
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré presents with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and areflexia, per neurology, from anti-GQ1b antibodies. Flaccidity (B-C), sensory loss (B, D-E), and urinary retention (C-D) are atypical. Triad specificity makes A the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 9-year-old child has repeated history of variable ptosis, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and facial weakness. There is also an associated dysphagia and extremity weakness. Of the following, the distinguished feature of this disease from other neuromuscular disorders is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid fatigue over the day distinguishjuvenile myasthenia gravis, per neurology, from variable ptosis , diplopia , or ophthalmoplegia , which overlap with others. Fatigue reflects antibody-mediated junction block, making D the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The MOST common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia, per pediatrics, from trisomy 21 affecting muscle tone (~1/700 births). Laxity and Ehlers-Danlos are rarer; benign hypotonia nonspecific; adrenal leukodystrophy progressive. Prevalence makes A the correct answer.